Diterpenoids constitute an important part of oleoresin in conifer needles, but the environmental and genetic controls on diterpenoid composition are poorly known. We studied the presence of diterpenoids in four pine populations spanning an extensive range of nitrogen (N) availability. In most samples, isoabienol was the main diterpenoid. Additionally, low contents of (Z)-biformene, abietadiene isomers, manoyl oxide isomers, labda-7,13,14-triene and labda-7,14-dien-13-ol were quantified in pine needles. According to the occurrence and content of diterpenoids it was possible to distinguish 'non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines', 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines'. 'Non diterpenoid pines', 'high isoabienol pines' and 'other diterpenoid pines' were characteristic to the dry forest, yet the majority of pines (>80%) of the bog Laeva represented 'high isoabienol pines'. 'Manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' were present only in the wet sites. Additionally, orthogonal partial least-squares analysis showed, that in the bogs foliar nitrogen content per dry mass (NM) correlated to diterpenoids. Significant correlations existed between abietadienes, isoabienol and foliar NM in 'manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines', and chemotypic variation was also associated by population genetic distance estimated by nuclear microsatellite markers. Previously, the presence of low and high Δ-3-carene pines has been demonstrated, but the results of the current study indicate that also diterpenoids form an independent axis of chemotypic differentiation. Further studies are needed to understand whether the enhanced abundance of diterpenoids in wetter sites reflects a phenotypic or genotypic response.

中文翻译：

---

环境和化学型基质中松叶中的二萜类化合物指纹：异二萜醇含量是区分化学型的关键性状

二萜类化合物是针叶树针油树脂的重要组成部分，但对二萜类化合物组成的环境和遗传控制知之甚少。我们研究了四种松树种群中二萜类化合物的存在，这些种群跨越了广泛的氮 (N) 可用性范围。在大多数样品中，异戊二烯醇是主要的二萜类化合物。此外，对松针中低含量的 (Z)-biformene、枞二烯异构体、manoyl 氧化物异构体、labda-7,13,14-triene 和 labda-7,14-dien-13-ol 进行了量化。根据二萜类化合物的出现和含量，可以区分“非二萜松”、“高异二萜松”、“氧化二萜-异二萜”和“其他二萜松”。“非二萜松”、“高异二萜松”和“其他二萜松” 是干燥森林的特征，但沼泽 Laeva 的大多数松树 (>80%) 代表“高异戊二烯醇松树”。'Manoyl oxide - isoabienol pines' 仅存在于潮湿的地方。此外，正交偏最小二乘分析表明，在沼泽中，每干质量 (NM) 的叶氮含量与二萜类化合物相关。'manoyl oxide-isoabienol pines'中的枞二烯、异枞二烯和叶面NM之间存在显着相关性，并且化学型变异也与核微卫星标记估计的群体遗传距离相关。以前，已经证明存在低和高 Δ-3-蒈烯松，但目前的研究结果表明，二萜类化合物也形成了化学型分化的独立轴。