Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer great opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical applications, which require precise control of building blocks with micro/nanoscale resolution in both individual and mass‐production ways. The recent and intensive nanotechnology development gives birth to a new focus on nanomembrane materials, which are defined as structures with thickness limited to about one to several hundred nanometers and with much larger (typically at least two orders of magnitude larger, or even macroscopic scale) lateral dimensions. Nanomembranes can be readily processed in an accurate manner and integrated into functional devices and systems. In this Review, a nanotechnology perspective of nanomembranes is provided, with examples of science and applications in semiconductor, metal, insulator, polymer, and composite materials. Assisted assembly of nanomembranes leads to wrinkled/buckled geometries for flexible electronics and stacked structures for applications in photonics and thermoelectrics. Inspired by kirigami/origami, self‐assembled 3D structures are constructed via strain engineering. Many advanced materials have begun to be explored in the format of nanomembranes and extend to biomimetic and 2D materials for various applications. Nanomembranes, as a new type of nanomaterials, allow nanotechnology in a controllable and precise way for practical applications and promise great potential for future nanorelated products.

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纳米膜材料的组装和自组装-从2D到3D

纳米科学和纳米技术在基础研究和实际应用中都提供了巨大的机遇和挑战，这要求以个体和批量生产方式以微米/纳米分辨率精确控制构件。纳米技术的最新发展引起了人们对纳米膜材料的新关注，纳米膜材料的定义是厚度限制在大约一百到几百纳米并且结构更大（通常至少大两个数量级，甚至宏观尺度）的结构。横向尺寸。纳米膜可以很容易地以精确的方式进行处理，并集成到功能性设备和系统中。在本评论中，提供了纳米膜的纳米技术观点，并提供了在半导体，金属，绝缘体，聚合物，和复合材料。纳米膜的辅助组装导致柔性电子器件的皱褶/屈曲几何形状以及用于光子学和热电学中的堆叠结构。受kirigami / origami启发，通过应变工程构造了自组装3D结构。已经开始以纳米膜的形式探索许多先进的材料，并将其扩展到仿生和2D材料以用于各种应用。纳米膜作为一种新型的纳米材料，可以以可控且精确的方式将纳米技术应用于实际应用，并有望为未来的纳米相关产品带来巨大的潜力。自组装3D结构是通过应变工程构造的。已经开始以纳米膜的形式探索许多先进的材料，并将其扩展到仿生和2D材料以用于各种应用。纳米膜作为一种新型的纳米材料，可以以可控且精确的方式将纳米技术应用于实际应用，并有望为未来的纳米相关产品带来巨大的潜力。自组装3D结构是通过应变工程构造的。已经开始以纳米膜的形式探索许多先进的材料，并将其扩展到仿生和2D材料以用于各种应用。纳米膜作为一种新型的纳米材料，可以以可控且精确的方式将纳米技术应用于实际应用，并有望为未来的纳米相关产品带来巨大的潜力。