Many leguminous species have adapted their seed coat with a layer of powdery bloom that contains hazardous allergens and makes the seeds less visible, offering duel protection against potential predators ¹ . Nevertheless, a shiny seed surface without bloom is desirable for human consumption and health, and is targeted for selection under domestication. Here we show that seed coat bloom in wild soybeans is mainly controlled by Bloom1 (B1), which encodes a transmembrane transporter-like protein for biosynthesis of the bloom in pod endocarp. The transition from the 'bloom' to 'no-bloom' phenotypes is associated with artificial selection of a nucleotide mutation that naturally occurred in the coding region of B1 during soybean domestication. Interestingly, this mutation not only 'shined' the seed surface, but also elevated seed oil content in domesticated soybeans. Such an elevation of oil content in seeds appears to be achieved through b1-modulated upregulation of oil biosynthesis in pods. This study shows pleiotropy as a mechanism underlying the domestication syndrome ² , and may pave new strategies for development of soybean varieties with increased seed oil content and reduced seed dust.

中文翻译：

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通过选择种皮发亮性来提高大豆种子油含量。

许多豆科物种在种皮上都涂了一层粉状的水华，其中含有有害的过敏原，使种子不那么明显，为潜在的掠食者提供了双重保护¹。然而，对于人的食用和健康而言，没有花的发亮的种子表面是理想的，并且是在驯化条件下选择的目标。在这里，我们显示野生大豆种皮开花主要由Bloom1（B1）控制，后者编码一种跨膜转运蛋白样蛋白质，用于荚果内果皮的生物合成。从“花”到“无花”表型的转变与人为选择的核苷酸突变的人工选择有关，该核苷酸突变在大豆驯化过程中自然发生在B1的编码区中。有趣的是，这种突变不仅使种子表面“发光”，而且使驯化大豆中的种子油含量提高。种子中油含量的这种升高似乎是通过豆荚中油生物合成的b1调节上调来实现的。²，并可能为增加种子油含量和减少种子粉尘的大豆品种铺平新的发展策略。