Inflammation in visceral adipose tissues (VATs) contributes to the pathology of diabetes. This study focused on the inflammatory regulation in VATs by a yeast β-1,3-glucan (BYG) orally administered to ob/ob mice. BYG decreased pro-inflammatory modulators of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, and SAA3, and increased anti-inflammatory factors of Azgp1 (2.53 ± 0.02-fold change) at protein and/or mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Remarkably, BYG decreased the degree of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) infiltration to 82.5 ± 8.3%, especially the newly recruited ATMs. Interestingly, BYG increased the protective Th2 cell regulator GATA3 (7.72 ± 0.04-fold change) and decreased immunosuppressors IL-10 and IL-1ra, suggesting that BYG elicited inflammation inhibition via stimulating immune responses. Additionally, BYG increased the gut microbiota proportion of Akkermansia from 0.07% to 4.85% and improved the microenvironment of VATs through decreasing fibrosis and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that BYG has anti-inflammatory effect in diabetic mice, which can be used as a food component and/or therapeutic agent for diabetes.

中文翻译：

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酵母β-葡聚糖抑制ob / ob小鼠脂肪组织的慢性炎症并改善其微环境

内脏脂肪组织（VAT）的炎症会导致糖尿病的发生。这项研究的重点是通过对ob / ob小鼠口服酵母β-1,3-葡聚糖（BYG）来调节增值税中的炎症。BYG降低TNF-α的促炎性调节剂，IL-6，IL-1β，CCL2，和SAA3和增加的抗炎因子AZGP1在蛋白和/或mRNA水平（（2.53±0.02倍的变化）p < 0.05）。值得注意的是，BYG将脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATM）的渗透程度降低到82.5±8.3％，特别是新招募的ATM。有趣的是，BYG增加了保护性Th2细胞调节剂GATA3（7.72±0.04倍变化）并降低了免疫抑制剂IL-10IL-1ra和IL-1ra，提示BYG通过刺激免疫反应引起炎症抑制。此外，BYG通过降低纤维化和血管生成，将阿克曼氏菌的肠道菌群比例从0.07％增加到4.85％，并改善了增值税的微环境。这些发现表明BYG在糖尿病小鼠中具有抗炎作用，其可以用作糖尿病的食物成分和/或治疗剂。