The long standing need of the implant manufacturing industries is to fabricate multi-matrix, customized porous scaffold as cost-effectively. In recent years, freeze casting has shown greater opportunity in the fabrication of porous scaffolds (tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, bioglass, alumina, etc.) such as at ease and good control over pore size, porosity, a range of materials and economic feasibility. In particular, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has proved as it possesses good biocompatible (osteoinduction, osteoconduction, etc.) and biodegradability hence beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, particle size of 10 µm) was used as base material and camphene was used as a freezing vehicle in this study. Both freezing conditions such as constant freezing temperature (CFT) and constant freezing rate (CFR) were used for six different conditional samples (CFT: 30, 35 and 40 vol% solid loading; similarly CFR: 30, 35 and 40 vol% solid loading) to study and understand the effect of various properties (pore size, porosity and compressive strength) of the freeze-cast porous scaffold. It was observed that the average size of the pore was varying linearly as from lower to higher when the solid loading was varying higher to lower. With the help of scanning electron micrographs (SEM), it was observed that the average size of pore during CFR (9.7/ 6.5/ 4.9 µm) was comparatively higher than the process of CFT (6.0/ 4.8/ 2.6 µm) with respect to the same solid loading (30/ 35/ 40 vol%) conditions. From the Gas pycnometer analysis, it was found that the porosity in both freezing conditions (CFT, CFR) were almost near values such as 32.8% and 28.5%. Further to be observed that with the increase in solid loading, the total porosity value has decreased due to the reduction in the concentration of the freezing vehicle. Hence, the freezing vehicle was found as responsible for the formation of appropriate size and orientation of pores during freeze casting. The compressive strength (CS) testing was clearly indicated that the CS was majorly depending on the size of pore which was depending on solid loading. The CS of CFT-based samples (smaller pore sizes and higher resistance to the propagation of crack) were higher due to the higher solid content (pore size) in compared with CFR-based samples on the similar solid loading conditions. As evidently, it was noted that the CFT-based sample with 40% solid loading has given the compressive strength which has come in the range of cancellous bone. The positive note was that the ratio of Ca/P has come as 1.68 (natural bone) after sintering and that was the required value recommended by the food and drug administration (FDI) for manufacturing of bone implants.

植入物制造行业的长期需求是制造具有成本效益的多矩阵定制多孔支架。近年来，冷冻铸造在多孔支架（磷酸三钙，羟基磷灰石，生物玻璃，氧化铝等）的制造中显示出了更大的机会，例如可以轻松，良好地控制孔径，孔隙率，一系列材料以及经济可行性。特别是磷酸三钙（TCP）具有良好的生物相容性（成骨诱导，骨传导等）和可生物降解性，因此已被证明，因此将β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP，粒径为10 µm）用作基材，并使用了camp烯作为这项研究中的冻结工具。两种冷冻条件（例如恒定冷冻温度（CFT）和恒定冷冻速率（CFR））都用于六个不同的条件样品（CFT：30、35和40 vol％固体负载；类似地CFR：30、35和40 vol％固体负载）以研究和了解冷冻浇铸多孔支架的各种特性（孔径，孔隙率和抗压强度）的影响。观察到，当固体载量从高到低变化时，孔的平均尺寸从低到高线性变化。借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM），观察到CFR过程中孔的平均尺寸（9.7 / 6.5 / 4.9 µm）相对于CFT过程（6.0 / 4.8 / 2.6 µm）相对较高。相同的固含量（30/35/40体积％）条件。根据气体比重瓶分析，发现在两种冷冻条件（CFT，CFR）下的孔隙率几乎接近诸如32.8％和28.5％的值。进一步观察到，随着固体载量的增加，总孔隙率值由于冷冻载体的浓度降低而降低。因此，发现在冷冻浇铸过程中，冷冻媒介物负责形成适当尺寸和方向的孔。压缩强度（CS）测试清楚地表明，CS主要取决于孔的大小，而孔的大小取决于固体载荷。与基于CFR的样品在相似的固体负载条件下相比，基于CFT的样品的CS（较小的孔径和较高的抗裂纹扩展性）由于较高的固体含量（孔径）而较高。显然，值得注意的是，固含量为40％的基于CFT的样品具有的抗压强度在松质骨范围内。积极的一面是，烧结后Ca / P的比例为1.68（天然骨），这是食品和药物管理局（FDI）推荐的用于制造骨植入物的推荐值。