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Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection
Water Research ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056
Jingyi Li , Huihui Liu , J. Paul Chen

Defined as plastic debris of size less than 5mm, microplastics have become emerging contaminants in recent years with increasing plastic production and poor management of plastic waste. Though freshwater environment is often closely connected to microplastics origins and acts as the pathway of microplastics transferring to oceans, limited studies have focused on freshwater bodies when compared with marine studies. The significance of assessing microplastics contamination in freshwater systems has been observed recently because of its prevalent occurrence (even in drinking water) and high abundance in this environment. Since the environmental effects can include adsorption of persistent organic pollutant, bioaccumulation and bacteria transfer media, a more comprehensive understanding of microplastics in freshwater systems is necessary. However, at current stage, the fact remains that no standardized method has been established for effective quantification and identification of microplastics. In addition, the difficulty to apply analytical methods in marine researches to freshwater samples was observed because these miroplastics usually have smaller sizes. Therefore, it is unlikely to reveal microplastics contamination levels in reality and compare results from different sources. These technical difficulties should be solved as the first priority to understand the distribution and nature of microplastics in surrounding freshwater environments and provide following studies on environmental behavior with practical support. Given these facts, we first briefly evaluate the occurrence and sources of microplastics in freshwater environment from literature and present the possible environmental behavior of microplastics which are associated with health concerns. Then, we highlighted sampling and identification methods for detecting microplastics in freshwater environment from existing studies to reveal the current research status. Robust and reliable methods are of urgent need to be developed and more studies on monitoring microplastics in freshwaters should be conducted. Only with sufficient knowledge of microplastics distribution can academic institutions, stake-holders and government take appropriate actions to address microplastics contamination.



中文翻译:

淡水系统中的微塑料:综述,发生的环境影响和微塑料检测方法

定义为尺寸小于5mm的塑料碎片,随着塑料产量的增加和塑料废物的管理不善,近年来,微塑料已成为新兴的污染物。尽管淡水环境通常与微塑料起源密切相关,并且是微塑料向海洋转移的途径,但是与海洋研究相比,有限的研究集中在淡水体上。最近已经观察到评估淡水系统中微塑料污染的重要性,因为这种污染普遍存在(甚至在饮用水中),并且在这种环境中含量很高。由于环境影响可能包括持久性有机污染物的吸附,生物积累和细菌转移介质,因此有必要对淡水系统中的微塑料有更全面的了解。然而,在当前阶段,仍然存在尚未建立有效定量和鉴定微塑料的标准化方法的事实。此外,由于这些微型塑料通常尺寸较小,因此难以在海洋研究中将分析方法应用于淡水样品。因此,不太可能揭示现实中的微塑料污染水平并比较不同来源的结果。这些技术难题应首先解决,以了解周围淡水环境中微塑料的分布和性质,并在实际支持下提供有关环境行为的后续研究。鉴于这些事实,我们首先简要地从文献中评估了微塑料在淡水环境中的发生和来源,并提出了与健康相关的微塑料可能的环境行为。然后,我们重点介绍了现有研究中用于检测淡水环境中微塑料的采样和鉴定方法,以揭示当前的研究现状。迫切需要开发健壮和可靠的方法,并且应进行更多的监测淡水中微塑料的研究。只有对微塑料的分布有足够的了解,学术机构,利益相关者和政府才能采取适当的措施来解决微塑料的污染问题。我们从现有研究中重点介绍了用于在淡水环境中检测微塑料的采样和识别方法,以揭示当前的研究现状。迫切需要开发健壮和可靠的方法,并且应进行更多的监测淡水中微塑料的研究。只有对微塑料的分布有足够的了解,学术机构,利益相关者和政府才能采取适当的措施来解决微塑料的污染问题。我们从现有研究中重点介绍了用于在淡水环境中检测微塑料的采样和识别方法,以揭示当前的研究现状。迫切需要开发健壮和可靠的方法,并且应进行更多的监测淡水中微塑料的研究。只有对微塑料的分布有足够的了解,学术机构,利益相关者和政府才能采取适当的措施来解决微塑料的污染问题。

更新日期:2017-12-31
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