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Long-term exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and breast cancer in the Spanish multicase-control study on cancer (MCC-SPAIN) ☆
Environment International ( IF 11.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.031
Laia Font-Ribera , Esther Gràcia-Lavedan , Nuria Aragonés , Beatriz Pérez-Gómez , Marina Pollán , Pilar Amiano , Ana Jiménez-Zabala , Gemma Castaño-Vinyals , Aina Roca-Barceló , Eva Ardanaz , Rosana Burgui , Antonio José Molina , Tania Fernández-Villa , Inés Gómez-Acebo , Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos , Victor Moreno , Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon , Rosana Peiró , Manolis Kogevinas , Cristina M. Villanueva

Background

Exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water has consistently been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, but evidence on other cancers including the breast is very limited.

Objectives

We assessed long-term exposure to THMs to evaluate the association with female breast cancer (BC) risk.

Methods

A multi case-control study was conducted in Spain from 2008 to 2013. We included 1003 incident BC cases (women 20–85 years old) recruited from 14 hospitals and 1458 population controls. Subjects were interviewed to ascertain residential histories and major recognized risk factors for BC. Mean residential levels of chloroform, brominated THMs (Br-THMs) and the sum of both as total THM (TTHMs) during the adult-lifetime were calculated.

Results

Mean adult-lifetime residential levels ranged from 0.8 to 145.7 μg/L for TTHM (median = 30.8), from 0.2 to 62.4 μg/L for chloroform (median = 19.7) and from 0.3 to 126.0 μg/L for Br-THMs (median = 9.7). Adult-lifetime residential chloroform was associated with BC (adjusted OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.05, 2.06 for the highest (> 24 μg/L) vs. lowest (< 8 μg/L) quartile; p-trend = 0.024). No association was detected for residential Br-THMs (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.68, 1.23 for > 31 μg/L vs. < 6 μg/L) or TTHMs (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.83, 1.57 for > 48 μg/L vs. < 22 μg/L).

Conclusions

At common levels in Europe, long-term residential total THMs were not related to female breast cancer. A moderate association with chloroform was suggested at the highest exposure category. This large epidemiological study with extensive exposure assessment overcomes several limitations of previous studies but further studies are needed to confirm these results.



中文翻译:

西班牙对癌症的多病例对照研究(MCC-SPAIN)中长期接触饮用水和乳腺癌中的三卤甲烷

背景

饮用水中一直暴露于三卤甲烷(THMs)一直与罹患膀胱癌的风险增加相关,但是有关包括乳腺癌在内的其他癌症的证据非常有限。

目标

我们评估了长期接触THM的风险,以评估与女性乳腺癌(BC)风险的关系。

方法

从2008年到2013年,西班牙进行了一项多病例对照研究。我们纳入了从14家医院招募的1003例BC省(20-85岁女性)突发事件和1458例人口对照。对受试者进行了采访,以确定其居住史和公认的主要BC危险因素。计算了成年人一生中的氯仿,溴化THM(Br-THMs)的平均居住水平以及两者之和作为总THM(TTHMs)的总和。

结果

TTHM的成人一生平均居住水平范围为0.8至145.7μg/ L(中位数= 30.8),氯仿的平均成年生活水平为0.2至62.4μg/ L(中位数= 19.7),Br-THMs的平均成人水平为0.3至126.0μg/ L(中位数) = 9.7)。成人一生的居住氯仿与BC相关(调整后的OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.05,最高(> 24μg/ L)与最低(<8μg/ L)四分位数的p值; p趋势= 0.024) 。未检测到住宅Br-THMs(OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.68,> 31μg/ L vs. <6μg/ L的1.23)或TTHMs(OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.83,1.57) > 48μg/ L与<22μg/ L)。

结论

在欧洲,长期居住的总THM与女性乳腺癌无关。建议在最高暴露类别下与氯仿适度缔合。这项具有广泛暴露评估的大型流行病学研究克服了先前研究的一些局限性,但需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。

更新日期:2017-12-31
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