Environmental phenols are used commonly in personal care products and exposure is widespread in pregnant women. In this study, we sought to assess the association between maternal urinary phenol concentrations in pregnancy and fetal growth. The study population included 476 mothers who participated in the prospective LIFECODES birth cohort between 2006 and 2008 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Dichlorophenols (DCPs), benzophenone-3, parabens, triclosan, triclocarban, and bisphenol-S were measured in urine from three time points during pregnancy and averaged. Outcome measures were all standardized to create gestational-age specific z-scores and included: 1) birth weight; 2) ultrasound parameters measured at up to two time points in pregnancy (head and abdominal circumference and femur length); and 3) ultrasound estimates of fetal weight from two time points in combination with birth weight. Models were stratified to investigate sex differences. Inverse associations were observed between average 2,4- and 2,5-DCP concentrations and birth weight z-scores in males. For example, an interquartile range difference in 2,4-DCP was associated with a 0.18 standard deviation decrease in birth weight z-score (95% confidence interval [CI] = − 0.33, − 0.02). These associations were observed in models that included repeated ultrasound estimates of fetal weight during gestation as well. Also in males, we noted inverse associations between average triclosan exposure over pregnancy and estimated fetal weight combined with birth weight in repeated measures models. For females, associations were generally null. However, mothers with a detectable concentration of bisphenol-S at any of the study visits had lower weight females. In conclusion, we observed inverse associations between indicators of maternal phenol exposure during pregnancy and fetal growth, with several differences observed by sex.

环境苯酚通常用于个人护理产品中，并且孕妇中的暴露范围很广。在这项研究中，我们试图评估孕妇的孕妇尿酚浓度与胎儿生长之间的关系。研究人群包括476位母亲，他们参加了2006年至2008年间在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿的布莱根妇女医院参加的LIFECODES预期出生队列。在怀孕期间的三个时间点对尿液中的二氯酚（DCP），二苯甲酮3，对羟基苯甲酸酯，三氯生，三氯卡班和双酚S进行测量并取平均值。结果指标均已标准化以创建特定于胎龄的z分数，包括：1）出生体重；2）在怀孕的两个时间点测量的超声参数（头和腹围以及股骨长度）；3）从两个时间点结合出生体重对胎儿体重进行超声评估。对模型进行分层以调查性别差异。男性中平均2,4-和2,5-DCP浓度与出生体重z得分之间存在负相关关系。例如，2,4-DCP的四分位数间距差异与出生体重z得分的0.18标准差降低相关（95％置信区间[CI] =-0.33，-0.02）。在模型中也观察到了这些关联，这些模型还包括在妊娠期间对胎儿体重进行反复的超声估计。同样在男性中，我们注意到在重复测量模型中，妊娠期间平均三氯生暴露与估计的胎儿体重与出生体重之间存在负相关关系。对于女性而言，联想通常为零。然而，在任何研究访问中双酚-S浓度均可检测到的母亲的体重较轻。总之，我们观察到孕妇孕期苯酚暴露指标与胎儿生长之间存在负相关关系，但性别方面存在一些差异。