Manual handling of microliter volumes of samples and reagents is usually prone to errors and may have direct consequence on the overall performance of microextraction process. Direct connection of a syringe pump and a disposable microextraction unit using flexible polymeric tubing was employed for semi-automated liquid handling in micro-electromembrane extraction (μ-EME). A three-phase μ-EME system was formed by consecutive withdrawal of microliter volumes of donor solution, free liquid membrane (FLM) and acceptor solution into the unit. Excellent repeatability and accuracy of the withdrawal sequence was achieved for solution volumes typically used in μ-EME (1-5 μL) as well as excellent correlation between the initially withdrawn and the finally collected solution volumes. μ-EMEs were initiated by application of d.c. electric potential to the terminal aqueous solutions and specific μ-EME parameters were optimized in order to ensure complete transfer of model analytes from donor to acceptor solution. Exhaustive μ-EMEs of three basic drugs, nortriptyline, papaverine and haloperidol, were achieved from 1.3 μL of acidified donor solution (10 mM HCl) across 2.5 μL of FLM (1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene) into 1.3 μL of acidified acceptor solution (25 mM HCl) in 10 min at 150 V. The three drugs were also exhaustively extracted from salt- and protein-containing standard solutions, human urine and human plasma with extraction recoveries ranging from 79 to 102%. Resulting acceptor solutions were analysed by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (CE-UV) and the μ-EME-CE-UV method was characterized by good linearity (coefficients of determination ≥ 0.992), high repeatability (RSD values ≤ 6.5%) and limits of detection ≤ 0.15 mg/L.

中文翻译：

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从生物体液中彻底微电子膜提取碱性药物的半自动装置

手动处理微升体积的样品和试剂通常容易出错，并可能对微萃取过程的整体性能产生直接影响。注射泵和使用柔性聚合物管的一次性微萃取装置的直接连接被用于微电子膜萃取 (μ-EME) 中的半自动液体处理。通过将微升体积的供体溶液、游离液膜 (FLM) 和受体溶液连续抽取到单元中，形成了三相 μ-EME 系统。对于通常用于 μ-EME (1-5 μL) 的溶液体积，以及初始提取和最终收集的溶液体积之间的出色相关性，实现了出色的提取顺序的可重复性和准确性。μ-EMEs 是通过应用直流电启动的 对终端水溶液的电势和特定的 μ-EME 参数进行了优化，以确保模型分析物从供体溶液完全转移到受体溶液。三种碱性药物去甲替林、罂粟碱和氟哌啶醇的详尽 μ-EME 是从 1.3 μL 酸化供体溶液（10 mM HCl）跨 2.5 μL FLM（1-乙基-2-硝基苯）到 1.3 μL 酸化受体溶液中获得的(25 mM HCl)，150 V，10 分钟。这三种药物也从含盐和蛋白质的标准溶液、人尿和人血浆中彻底提取，提取回收率为 79% 到 102%。所得受体溶液通过毛细管电泳和紫外检测 (CE-UV) 进行分析，μ-EME-CE-UV 方法具有良好的线性（测定系数 ≥ 0.992），