BACKGROUND Occupational sun exposure is a well-studied risk factor for skin cancer development, but more work is needed to assess melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer risk among US military personnel to improve education and screening efforts in this population. OBJECTIVE To conduct an extensive review of skin cancer risks for US military personnel to inform preventive education, diagnosis, and treatment efforts to better protect these individuals from future skin cancer development. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on the subject of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in military personnel was conducted. RESULTS A total of 9 studies describing skin cancer incidence in the US military were identified, with 4 studies specific to melanoma. The study findings reveal an increased risk for melanoma associated with service in the military or prisoner of war status. Service in tropical environments was associated with an increased incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among World War II soldiers. Two studies found that increased melanoma risk was also branch dependent, with the highest rates among the United States Air Force. Several of the reviewed studies implicated increased sun exposure during military service and lack of sufficient sun protection as the causes of higher rates of skin cancer among US military and veteran populations as compared with among the nonmilitary population in the United States. LIMITATIONS The reviewed articles have variable results; a prospective randomized controlled trial would be helpful to develop interventions that mitigate skin cancer risk in the US military. CONCLUSION This review identifies an abundance of evidence for an increased risk for skin cancer development among US active duty and veteran populations.

中文翻译：

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军人皮肤癌：对现役和退伍军人中黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发生，预防和筛查进行系统的回顾。

背景技术职业暴露于阳光是皮肤癌发展的一个被充分研究的危险因素，但是需要更多的工作来评估美国军事人员中黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险，以改善对该人群的教育和筛查工作。目的全面审查美军人员的皮肤癌风险，为预防教育，诊断和治疗工作提供信息，以更好地保护这些人免于未来皮肤癌的发展。方法对已发表的有关军事人员黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的研究进行了系统的综述。结果总共确定了9项描述美军皮肤癌发病率的研究，其中4项针对黑素瘤。研究结果表明，与在军队或战俘服役有关的黑色素瘤风险增加。在热带环境中服役与第二次世界大战士兵中黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发病率增加有关。两项研究发现，黑色素瘤风险的增加也取决于分支机构，在美国空军中发病率最高。与美国的非军事人群相比，一些经过审查的研究表明，服兵役期间的日照增加和缺乏足够的防晒作用是导致美军和退伍军人皮肤癌发生率更高的原因。局限性审阅的文章结果不一；一项前瞻性随机对照试验将有助于制定减轻美军皮肤癌风险的干预措施。结论这篇综述确定了美国现役和退伍军人中皮肤癌发展风险增加的大量证据。