Abstract Impacts on composites produce interlaminar failure (delamination) which is difficult to detect in common maintenance tasks, and affects the structural integrity. Therefore it is critical, for safety, to improve prediction tools in order to perform tolerant damage designs. The numerical modeling of impacts of deformable objects (such as ice) on composite panels is still a challenge. Not only the modeling of the laminate should be appropriate to reproduce its behavior and failures, but also the modeling of the deformable projectile should be capable to induce the corresponding response and damages. In this work a two-step numerical methodology is proposed for the study of ice impact. First, the deformable impactor is analyzed, studying the impact process on a rigid target (a steel plate attached to a load cell). Once the deformable projectile behavior is fully captured, the ice impact on a deformable target (a carbon/epoxy laminate) is studied. The composite material model takes into account intralaminar and interlaminar failure in order to reproduce the laminate behavior. Different ice sphere diameters (30,40 and 50mm) and impact velocities (50 − 250m/s) are considered in this study. All the results from the numerical simulations have been compared with the experimental results.

中文翻译：

---

分析冰撞击威胁的数值方法：应用于复合结构。

摘要 对复合材料的冲击会产生在普通维修任务中难以检测的层间失效（分层），并影响结构完整性。因此，为了安全起见，改进预测工具以执行容错设计至关重要。可变形物体（如冰）对复合板的影响的数值建模仍然是一个挑战。不仅层压板的建模应该适合再现其行为和故障，而且可变形弹丸的建模应该能够引起相应的响应和损坏。在这项工作中，提出了一种用于研究冰影响的两步数值方法。首先，分析可变形冲击器，研究对刚性目标（连接到称重传感器的钢板）的冲击过程。一旦完全捕捉到可变形弹丸的行为，就会研究冰对可变形目标（碳/环氧树脂层压板）的影响。复合材料模型考虑了层内和层间失效，以重现层压板行为。本研究考虑了不同的冰球直径（30,40 和 50 毫米）和撞击速度（50 - 250 米/秒）。数值模拟的所有结果都与实验结果进行了比较。