Polymer material properties are strongly affected by entanglement effects. For long polymer chains and composite materials, they are expected to be at the origin of many technically important phenomena, such as shear thinning or the Mullins effect, which microscopically can be related to topological constraints between chains. Starting from fully equilibrated highly entangled polymer melts, we investigate the effect of isochoric elongation on the entanglement structure and force distribution of such systems. Theoretically, the related viscoelastic response usually is discussed in terms of the tube model. We relate stress relaxation in the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic regimes to a primitive path analysis (PPA) and show that tension forces both along the original paths and along primitive paths, that is, the backbone of the tube, in the stretching direction correspond to each other. Unlike homogeneous relaxation along the chain contour, the PPA reveals a so far not observed long-lived clustering of topological constraints along the chains in the deformed state.

中文翻译：

---

高应变大分子的原始路径分析和应力分布。

聚合物材料的性能受缠结效应的强烈影响。对于长的聚合物链和复合材料，预计它们是许多技术上重要的现象的起源，例如剪切稀化或穆林斯效应，这些现象在微观上可能与链之间的拓扑约束有关。从完全平衡的高度纠缠的聚合物熔体开始，我们研究了等速伸长对此类体系的纠缠结构和力分布的影响。从理论上讲，通常根据管模型讨论相关的粘弹性响应。我们将线性和非线性粘弹性状态下的应力松弛与原始路径分析（PPA）相关联，并表明沿原始路径和沿原始路径（即管的主干）的拉力，在拉伸方向上彼此相对应。与沿链轮廓的均匀松弛不同，PPA揭示了迄今未观察到的沿变形状态沿链的拓扑约束的长寿命聚类。