Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials in areas such as hyperthermia, drug release, tissue engineering, theranostic, and lab‐on‐a‐chip, due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. Although some works can be found reviewing the main application of magnetic NPs in the area of biomedical engineering, recent and intense progress on magnetic nanoparticle research, from synthesis to surface functionalization strategies, demands for a work that includes, summarizes, and debates current directions and ongoing advancements in this research field. Thus, the present work addresses the structure, synthesis, properties, and the incorporation of magnetic NPs in nanocomposites, highlighting the most relevant effects of the synthesis on the magnetic and structural properties of the magnetic NPs and how these effects limit their utilization in the biomedical area. Furthermore, this review next focuses on the application of magnetic NPs on the biomedical field. Finally, a discussion of the main challenges and an outlook of the future developments in the use of magnetic NPs for advanced biomedical applications are critically provided.

中文翻译：

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磁性纳米粒子在生物医学中的应用进展

磁性纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其独特的化学和物理特性，在诸如热疗，药物释放，组织工程，治疗学和芯片实验室等领域正在成为一类重要的生物医学功能纳米材料。尽管可以发现一些综述了磁性NP在生物医学工程领域中的主要应用的工作，但是磁性纳米颗粒研究的最新进展包括从合成到表面功能化策略，对包括，总结和辩论当前方向以及该研究领域的持续进步。因此，本工作着眼于纳米复合材料中磁性NP的结构，合成，性质和掺入，重点介绍了合成对磁性NP的磁性和结构性质的最相关影响，以及这些影响如何限制它们在生物医学领域的利用。此外，本综述接下来将重点介绍磁性NP在生物医学领域中的应用。最后，关键地讨论了将磁性NP用于高级生物医学应用中的主要挑战和未来发展前景。