The smart grid is a complex and interconnected system where actions and events in one part of the system affect operations elsewhere. In order to perform a rigorous analysis, a common and deterministic timing reference is required. This paper addresses this need, using as use case the substation automation system, a key element of the smart grid, where utilities, classically, have opted for a satellite clock providing a timing signal and different ways to distribute it through the substation. This paper proposes an appropriate solution for the substation needs presenting the implementation details, the analysis of the system reliability, safety, and security together with promising results and novel mechanisms for providing timing on the grid.

中文翻译：

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适用于可靠智能电网应用的精确定时网络

智能电网是一个复杂且相互连接的系统，其中系统某个部分中的动作和事件会影响其他地方的操作。为了执行严格的分析，需要通用的确定性时序参考。本文以变电站自动化系统为例，解决了这一需求，该系统是智能电网的关键要素，在传统上，公用事业公司选择了提供定时信号的卫星时钟以及通过变电站分配它的不同方式。本文针对变电站的需求提出了一种合适的解决方案，其中提出了实现细节，对系统可靠性，安全性和安全性的分析，并给出了可喜的结果以及用于在电网上提供计时的新颖机制。