Humans differ in innumerable ways, with considerable variation observable at every level of description, from the molecular to the social. Traditionally, linguistic and psycholinguistic theory has downplayed the possibility of meaningful differences in language across individuals. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is significant variation among speakers at any age as well as across the lifespan. Here, we review recent research in psycholinguistics, and argue that a focus on individual differences (IDs) provides a crucial source of evidence that bears strongly upon core issues in theories of the acquisition and processing of language; specifically, the role of experience in language acquisition, processing, and attainment, and the architecture of the language system.

中文翻译：

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语言习得和加工的个体差异

人类在无数方面存在差异，在从分子到社会的每个描述层次上都可以观察到相当大的差异。传统上，语言学和心理语言学理论淡化了个体间语言存在有意义差异的可能性。然而，越来越明显的是，在任何年龄和整个生命周期中，说话者之间都存在显着差异。在这里，我们回顾了心理语言学的最新研究，并认为对个体差异 (ID) 的关注提供了一个重要的证据来源，对语言习得和处理理论的核心问题有很强的影响；具体来说，经验在语言习得、处理和获得中的作用，以及语言系统的架构。