A novel aptamer generation method to greatly augment the affinity and stability of DNA aptamers was developed by genetic alphabet expansion combined with mini-hairpin DNA technology. The genetic alphabet expansion increases the physicochemical and structural diversities of DNA aptamers by introducing extra components, unnatural bases, as a fifth base, allowing for the enhancement of DNA aptamer affinities. Furthermore, the mini-hairpin DNA technology stabilizes DNA aptamers against nuclease digestion and thermal denaturation, by introducing an extraordinarily stable mini-hairpin DNA containing a GCGAAGC sequence. This novel method provides stabilized high-affinity DNA aptamers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

通过遗传字母扩展结合微型发夹DNA技术，开发了一种新的适体产生方法，可大大提高DNA适体的亲和力和稳定性。遗传字母的扩展通过引入额外的成分（非天然碱基）作为第五个碱基，增加了DNA适体的亲和力，从而增加了DNA适体的理化和结构多样性。此外，通过引入包含GCGAAGC序列的极其稳定的微型发夹DNA，微型发夹DNA技术可稳定DNA适体以抵抗核酸酶消化和热变性。这种新方法为诊断和治疗应用提供了稳定的高亲和力DNA适体。