Nanoporous polymers with periodic, ordered structures have attracted significant interest for their potential applications as drug delivery vehicles, biomaterials, separations membranes, and materials for energy storage. Inducing polymer nanostructure through lyotropic liquid crystal-templated (LLC-templated) cross-linking photopolymerizations offers a promising means for morphological control at smaller length scales, which are difficult to access by other established strategies. We report the synthesis of a gemini dicarboxylate surfactant that self-assembles in water to form various aqueous LLC mesophases over a broad range of amphiphile concentrations, with an especially strong propensity to form the coveted bicontinuous double gyroid (G_I) network mesophase. Aqueous G_I LLCs surprisingly persist upon incorporation of as much as 10–37 wt % hexane-1,6-diol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) into the hydrophobic domains of these supramolecular surfactant assemblies, and cross-linking photopolymerization of the HDDMA unexpectedly proceeds with retention of this intricate LLC nanostructure. The nanoporous nature of the resulting templated polymers remains after surfactant removal by solvent extraction, as manifested by increased swelling ratios in water and 2-propanol as compared to isotropic materials of similar compositions. The exquisite level of control over polymer network porosity provided by templating within G_I phases furnishes a promising new route toward nanostructured hydrophobic polymers.

中文翻译：

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双子表面活性剂溶致液晶模板化的纳米多孔聚合物网络

具有周期性，有序结构的纳米多孔聚合物因其潜在的应用而引起了人们的极大兴趣，这些潜在应用包括药物输送工具，生物材料，分离膜和储能材料。通过溶致液晶模板（LLC模板）交联光聚合诱导聚合物纳米结构，为在较小的长度尺度上进行形态控制提供了一种有前途的手段，而这是其他既定策略难以达到的。我们报告了一种双子叶二羧酸表面活性剂的合成，该表面活性剂在水中自组装以在两亲物的广泛浓度范围内形成各种水性LLC中间相，并特别倾向于形成令人垂涎的双连续双螺旋状（G _I）网络中间相。G _I水溶液当将多达10–37 wt％的1,6-二醇二甲基丙烯酸己烷（HDDMA）掺入这些超分子表面活性剂组件的疏水域中时，LLC会意外地持续存在，HDDMA的交联光聚合意外地保留了这种复杂的结构LLC纳米结构。与溶剂组成相似的各向同性材料相比，通过溶剂萃取除去表面活性剂后，所得模板化聚合物的纳米孔性质得以保留，这在水和2-丙醇中的溶胀比增加时得到了证明。通过在G _I相中进行模板化，对聚合物网络孔隙度的精确控制水平为纳米结构疏水性聚合物的发展提供了一条有希望的新途径。