Abstract Mechanical metamaterials are man-made structures with counterintuitive mechanical properties that originate in the geometry of their unit cell instead of the properties of each component. The typical mechanical metamaterials are generally associated with the four elastic constants, the Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, bulk modulus K and Poisson's ratio υ, the former three of which correspond to the stiffness, rigidity, and compressibility of a material from an engineering point of view. Here we review the important advancements in structural topology optimisation of the underlying design principles, coupled with experimental fabrication, thereby to obtain various counterintuitive mechanical properties. Further, a clear classification of mechanical metamaterials have been established based on the fundamental material mechanics. Consequently, mechanical metamaterials can be divide into strong-lightweight (E/ρ), pattern transformation with tunable stiffness, negative compressibility (−4G/3

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与刚度、刚度和可压缩性相关的机械超材料：简要回顾

摘要 机械超材料是具有违反直觉的机械特性的人造结构，其起源于其晶胞的几何形状而不是每个组件的特性。典型的机械超材料通常与四个弹性常数有关，即杨氏模量 E、剪切模量 G、体积模量 K 和泊松比 υ，其中前三个对应于工程材料的刚度、刚度和压缩性观点看法。在这里，我们回顾了基本设计原则的结构拓扑优化方面的重要进步，再加上实验制造，从而获得了各种违反直觉的机械性能。此外，基于基本材料力学建立了明确的机械超材料分类。