Recent advancements in cellulosic aerogels have been extensive, but the lack of reproducible customization over the aerogel’s overall 3D structure has limited their ability to adapt to different application requirements. In this paper, high pressure homogenization and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) modified cellulose nanofiber (T-CNF) was printed using direct-ink-write (DIW) into customizable 3D structures. After freeze-drying and cross-linking, highly deformable and shape recoverable T-CNF aerogel 3D structures were obtained. The 3D printed parts have a porosity of 98% and density of 26 mg/cm³. Due to their sustainability, biocompatibility, ultralight weight with high porosity, and deformability, the resultant aerogels have great potential for applications in thermal insulation, shock/vibration damping, and tissue engineering. In addition, the 3D printed T-CNF aerogels were templated to impart hydrophobicity and electromechanical properties. The resultant aerogels demonstrated potential for oil/water separation, and electronic related applications.

中文翻译：

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具有高度可变形，可形状恢复和可功能化特性的直接墨水写入3D打印纤维素纳米纤维气凝胶结构

纤维素气凝胶的最新进展已经广泛发展，但是由于气凝胶的整体3D结构缺乏可复制的定制功能，因此限制了它们适应不同应用需求的能力。在本文中，高压均质和2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶基氧基（TEMPO）改性的纤维素纳米纤维（T-CNF）使用直接墨水写入（DIW）打印到可定制的3D结构中。在冷冻干燥和交联之后，获得了高度可变形和可形状恢复的T-CNF气凝胶3D结构。3D打印部件的孔隙率为98％，密度为26 mg / cm ³。由于其可持续性，生物相容性，高孔隙率的超轻重量和可变形性，所得气凝胶在隔热，减震/减振和组织工程中具有巨大的应用潜力。此外，将3D打印的T-CNF气凝胶模板化以赋予疏水性和机电性能。所得气凝胶显示出油/水分离以及电子相关应用的潜力。