Congenital and perinatal neuropathology falls within two main phenotypes: primary microcephaly, a primarily grey matter disease observable at birth that is caused by defects in cell proliferation, axon guidance, or increased apoptosis; and secondary microcephaly, a grey matter or white matter disease of postnatal onset, caused by either a reduction in dendrites and synaptic connections, or defects in myelination, or even both mechanisms acting in concert (appendix).^1,2 In this issue of The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Delan Devakumar and colleagues³ have seized on the opportunity of advances in Zika virus-related primary microcephaly to review the major infectious causes of microcephaly.

中文翻译：

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寨卡流行病：迈向了解小头畸形的病因？

先天性和围产期神经病理学属于两种主要的表型：原发性小头畸形，一种在出生时可观察到的主要灰质疾病，由细胞增殖，轴突导向或凋亡增加引起；以及继发性小头畸形，产后发作的灰质或白质疾病，是由树突和突触连接的减少或髓鞘形成的缺陷引起的，甚至是由两种机制共同作用引起的（附录）。^1,2在本期《柳叶刀传染病》中，Delan Devakumar及其同事³抓住了寨卡病毒相关原发性小头畸形研究的机会，回顾了小头畸形的主要传染原因。