Electrochemical jet processing techniques have traditionally been considered to be limited to planar interactions with the electrolyte jet being maintained normal to the workpiece surface. In this study, the viability and resultant effects of articulating the nozzle relative to the work were investigated for the first time. Two machining conventions were defined, normal, where the jet is maintained perpendicular to the traverse direction, and push/pull, where the nozzle is rotated with respect to the direction of travel. It was found, with the normal convention that a range of differing resultant profile surface geometries could be created; unique to this process. This was demonstrated by the changing resultant side wall slopes found through the rotation of the head with up to 80% difference between the slopes of the cut walls. The adjacent wall to the nozzle slope decreasing as the jet angle approaches 90° whilst the opposite side wall slope increases. Predictable ratios of the differing slopes of the striation side walls were then able to be defined. The push/pull convention demonstrated that deeper, sharper cuts are possible due to the highly localising current density effect of nozzle inclination achieving a 35% increase in depth without requiring additional energy. Also, that resultant surface finish could be greatly improved, reducing the profile roughness (Ra) from 0.2 μm in the pull mode to 0.04 μm in the push mode achieving a mirror-like finish. The mechanics of these phenomena are investigated and defined. The influence of nozzle jet speed variation combined with inclining the jet was also studied. This was found to have no noticeable influence on the resultant profile when the nozzle is inclined. In contrast, when the nozzle is normal to the surface, jet velocity is seen to have a direct influence due to polarisation effects relating to the poor clearance of machining debris and the formation of oxides. It is shown that through variation of the angle of jet address an extra level of flexibility and performance is possible within electrochemical jet processes.

中文翻译：

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通过操纵地址角推进电化学喷射方法

电化学射流处理技术传统上被认为仅限于与保持垂直于工件表面的电解质射流的平面相互作用。在这项研究中，首次研究了铰接喷嘴相对于工作的可行性和由此产生的影响。定义了两种加工惯例，正常，其中射流保持垂直于横向方向，以及推/拉，其中喷嘴相对于行进方向旋转。人们发现，按照正常惯例，可以创建一系列不同的合成轮廓表面几何形状；这个过程的独特之处。通过旋转头部发现的结果侧壁斜率的变化证明了这一点，切割壁的斜率之间的差异高达 80%。随着喷射角接近 90°，喷嘴斜率的相邻壁减小，而相对的侧壁斜率增加。然后能够定义条纹侧壁的不同斜率的可预测比率。推/拉惯例表明，由于喷嘴倾斜的高度局部电流密度效应，在不需要额外能量的情况下，深度增加了 35%，因此可以进行更深、更锐利的切割。此外，最终的表面光洁度可以大大改善，将轮廓粗糙度 (Ra) 从拉模式下的 0.2 微米降低到推动模式下的 0.04 微米，从而实现镜面般的光洁度。研究并定义了这些现象的机制。还研究了喷嘴射流速度变化与射流倾斜相结合的影响。当喷嘴倾斜时，发现这对所得轮廓没有明显影响。相反，当喷嘴垂直于表面时，由于与加工碎屑清除不良和氧化物形成相关的极化效应，射流速度被认为具有直接影响。结果表明，通过改变射流角度，在电化学射流过程中可以提高灵活性和性能。