OBJECTIVE To examine associations of proximity to major roadways, sustained exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and acute exposure to ambient air pollutants with adipokines and measures of glucose homeostasis among participants living in the northeastern United States. METHODS We included 5958 participants from the Framingham Offspring cohort examination cycle 7 (1998-2001) and 8 (2005-2008) and Third Generation cohort examination cycle 1 (2002-2005) and 2 (2008-2011), who did not have type 2 diabetes at the time of examination visit. We calculated 2003 annual average PM2.5 at participants' home address, residential distance to the nearest major roadway, and daily PM2.5, black carbon (BC), sulfate, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone concentrations. We used linear mixed effects models for fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) which were measured up to twice, and used linear regression models for adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) which were measured only once, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic position, lifestyle, time, and seasonality. RESULTS The mean age was 51years and 55% were women. Participants who lived 64m (25th percentile) from a major roadway had 0.28% (95% CI: 0.05%, 0.51%) higher fasting plasma glucose than participants who lived 413m (75th percentile) away, and the association appeared to be driven by participants who lived within 50m from a major roadway. Higher exposures to 3- to 7-day moving averages of BC and NOx were associated with higher glucose whereas the associations for ozone were negative. The associations otherwise were generally null and did not differ by median age, sex, educational attainment, obesity status, or prediabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Living closer to a major roadway or acute exposure to traffic-related air pollutants were associated with dysregulated glucose homeostasis but not with adipokines among participants from the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts.

中文翻译：

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环境空气污染、脂肪因子和葡萄糖稳态：弗雷明汉心脏研究。

目的 研究居住在美国东北部的参与者与主要道路的接近程度、持续暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和急性暴露于环境空气污染物与脂肪因子和葡萄糖稳态测量之间的关联。方法 我们纳入了 Framingham Offspring 队列检查周期 7 (1998-2001) 和 8 (2005-2008) 以及第三代队列检查周期 1 (2002-2005) 和 2 (2008-2011) 的 5958 名参与者，他们没有类型2 糖尿病在检查访视时。我们计算了参与者家庭住址的 2003 年年平均 PM2.5、居住地到最近的主要道路的距离，以及每日 PM2.5、黑碳 (BC)、硫酸盐、氮氧化物 (NOx) 和臭氧浓度。我们对空腹血糖、胰岛素、和胰岛素抵抗 (HOMA-IR) 的稳态模型评估，最多测量两次，并使用脂联素、抵抗素、瘦素和血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c) 的线性回归模型，仅测量一次，调整人口统计、社会经济地位、生活方式、时间和季节性。结果 平均年龄为 51 岁，55% 为女性。居住在距主干道 64 米（第 25 个百分位数）的参与者的空腹血糖比居住在 413 米（第 75 个百分位数）的参与者高 0.28%（95% CI：0.05%，0.51%），并且该关联似乎是由参与者驱动的居住在距离主干道 50 米以内的人。较高的 BC 和 NOx 3 至 7 天移动平均值暴露与较高的葡萄糖相关，而与臭氧的相关性为负。其他方面的关联通常为零，并且在中位年龄、性别、受教育程度、肥胖状况或糖尿病前期状况方面没有差异。结论 住在靠近主干道或急性暴露于与交通相关的空气污染物与失调的葡萄糖稳态有关，但与 Framingham 后代和第三代队列的参与者的脂肪因子无关。