Studies suggest that long-term chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution can increase lung cancer mortality. We analyzed the association between long term PM_2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality due to lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, accounting for geographic location, socioeconomic status, and residential mobility. Subjects in the 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed for 20 years, and assigned to regions across Canada based on spatial synoptic classification weather types. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality, were related to PM_2.5 and ozone using Cox proportional hazards survival models, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and individual confounders. An increase of 10 μg/m³ in long term PM_2.5 exposure resulted in an HR for lung cancer mortality of 1.26 (95% CI 1.04, 1.53); the inclusion in the model of SSC zone as a stratum increased the risk estimate to HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.06, 1.57). After adjusting for ozone, HRs increased to 1.49 (95% CI 1.23, 1.88), and HR 1.54 (95% CI 1.27, 1.87), with and without zone as a model stratum. HRs for ischemic heart disease fell from 1.25 (95% CI 1.21, 1.29) for exposure to PM_2.5, to 1.13 (95% CI 1.08, 1.19) when PM_2.5 was adjusted for ozone. For COPD, the 95% confidence limits included 1.0 when climate zone was included in the model. HRs for all causes of death showed spatial differences when compared to zone 3, the most populated climate zone. Exposure to PM_2.5 was related to an increased risk of mortality from lung cancer, and both ozone and PM_2.5 exposure were related to risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease, and the risk varied spatially by climate zone.

研究表明，长期长期接触细颗粒物空气污染会增加肺癌的死亡率。我们分析了长期PM _2.5与臭氧暴露，肺癌，局部缺血性心脏病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病导致的死亡率之间的关系，并分析了地理位置，社会经济地位和居民流动性。1991年加拿大人口普查健康与环境研究小组（CanCHEC）的研究对象追踪了20年，并根据空间天气分类天气类型将其分配到加拿大各地。使用Cox比例风险生存模型（针对社会经济特征和个人混杂因素进行调整），死亡率的危险比（HR）与PM _2.5和臭氧相关。增加10μg/ m长期暴露于PM _2.5中的³导致肺癌的HR死亡率为1.26（95％CI 1.04，1.53）；将SSC区域模型包括为一个层将风险估计值提高至HR 1.29（95％CI 1.06，1.57）。调整臭氧后，HRs增加到1.49（95％CI 1.23、1.88）和HR 1.54（95％CI 1.27、1.87），带有和不带有区域作为模型层。调整PM _2.5的臭氧浓度后，缺血性心脏病的HRs从暴露于PM _2.5的1.25（95％CI 1.21，1.29）下降至1.13（95％CI 1.08，1.19）。对于COPD，当模型中包含气候区时，95％的置信度限制为1.0。与3区（人口最多的气候区）相比，所有死亡原因的HR都显示出空间差异。暴露于PM _2.5与肺癌致死风险增加有关，而臭氧和PM _2.5暴露均与缺血性心脏病致死风险有关，并且该风险在空间上随气候区而异。