An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) refers to a type of polymer blend in which two chemically distinct networks coexist, benefiting from the assets of each of them. When polybenzoxazine and epoxy are concerned, the elaboration of IPN faces competitive reactions and remains challenging. Hereby, the feasibility of the elaboration of IPNs between a diglycidyl ether of cardanol (poly(CDGE)) and polybenzoxazine (poly(EDBz)) is demonstrated. Isophorone diamine was selected as a hardener, as it is exclusively involved in the epoxy network formation in the studied temperature range. Materials with various ratios of CDGE/EDBz were prepared under a suitable sequential curing process, promoting first the cross-linking of the epoxy polymer before the growth of the polybenzoxazine network. DMA and AFM characterization highlighted clear interpenetrated polymeric structures based on poly(CDGE)/poly(EDBz) materials with different morphologies depending on the composition of the material, yet with enriched phases of polybenzoxazine within the epoxy network. A tremendous enhancement of the mechanical properties of the material as a function of the polybenzoxazine content was observed. Interestingly, the materials composed of 20 wt% to 40 wt% of polybenzoxazine exhibit a single mechanical relaxation temperature demonstrating an efficient polymer chain interpenetration having enriched domains below 50 nm.

中文翻译：

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精细加工生物环氧/苯并恶嗪互穿聚合物网络：组成-形态映射†

互穿聚合物网络（IPN）是指一种聚合物共混物，其中两个化学上不同的网络共存，这得益于它们各自的资产。当考虑到聚苯并恶嗪和环氧树脂时，IPN的制备面临竞争反应，并且仍然具有挑战性。由此，证明了腰果酚的二缩水甘油醚（聚（CDGE））和聚苯并恶嗪（聚（EDBz））之间进行IPN修饰的可行性。选择异佛尔酮二胺作为硬化剂，因为它仅在研究的温度范围内参与环氧网络的形成。在适当的顺序固化工艺下制备具有各种CDGE / EDBz比率的材料，首先在聚苯并恶嗪网络增长之前促进环氧聚合物的交联。DMA和AFM表征突出了基于聚（CDGE）/聚（EDBz）材料的清晰互穿的聚合物结构，该结构具有不同的形态，具体取决于材料的组成，但在环氧网络中聚苯并恶嗪的富集相。观察到材料的机械性能随聚苯并恶嗪含量的增加而大大提高。有趣的是，由20重量％至40重量％的聚苯并恶嗪组成的材料表现出单一的机械弛豫温度，表明具有在50nm以下的富集域的有效的聚合物链互穿。观察到材料的机械性能随聚苯并恶嗪含量的增加而大大提高。有趣的是，由20重量％至40重量％的聚苯并恶嗪组成的材料表现出单一的机械弛豫温度，表明具有在50nm以下的富集域的有效的聚合物链互穿。观察到材料的机械性能随聚苯并恶嗪含量的增加而大大提高。有趣的是，由20重量％至40重量％的聚苯并恶嗪组成的材料表现出单一的机械弛豫温度，表明具有在50nm以下的富集域的有效的聚合物链互穿。