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Modeling Low Energy Demand Futures for Buildings: Current State and Research Needs Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Alessio Mastrucci, Leila Niamir, Benigna Boza-Kiss, Nuno Bento, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Jan Streeck, Shonali Pachauri, Charlie Wilson, Souran Chatterjee, Felix Creutzig, Srihari Dukkipati, Wei Feng, Arnulf Grubler, Joni Jupesta, Poornima Kumar, Giacomo Marangoni, Yamina Saheb, Yoshiyuki Shimoda, Bianka Shoai-Tehrani, Yohei Yamaguchi, Bas van Ruijven
Buildings are key in supporting human activities and well-being by providing shelter and other important services to their users. Buildings are, however, also responsible for major energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during their life cycle. Improving the quality of services provided by buildings while reaching low energy demand (LED) levels is crucial for climate and sustainability targets
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Toward Zero-Carbon Urban Transitions with Health, Climate Resilience, and Equity Co-Benefits: Assessing Nexus Linkages Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Anu Ramaswami, Bhartendu Pandey, Qingchun Li, Kirti Das, Ajay Nagpure
Getting to net-zero-carbon cities while advancing well-being (W), health (H), social equity (E), and climate resilience (R) (referred to as the WHER outcomes) is critical for local and global sustainability. However, science is nascent on the linkages between zero-carbon pathways and WHER outcomes. This article presents a transboundary urban metabolism framework, rooted in seven key infrastructure
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Mapping Industrial Influences on Earth's Ecology Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 James E.M. Watson, Erle C. Ellis, Rajeev Pillay, Brooke A. Williams, Oscar Venter
As anthropogenic transformation of Earth's ecology accelerates, and its impacts on the sustainability of humanity and the rest of nature become more obvious, geographers and other researchers are leveraging an abundance of spatial data to map how industrialization is transforming the biosphere. This review examines the methodologies used to create such maps and how they have enhanced our understanding
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Brine: Genesis and Sustainable Resource Recovery Worldwide Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Chenglin Liu, Tim K. Lowenstein, Anjian Wang, Chunmiao Zheng, Jianguo Yu
Brine contains cations such as K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+, B3+, Rb2+, and Cs2+, as well as anions such as SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, CO32−, NO3−, Br−, and I−, which are valuable elements. Brines are widely distributed in salt lakes in the world's three enormous plateaus and beyond and are classified into three types: sulfate-, chloride-, and carbonate-type brines. Sulfate-type brine forms in salt lakes, whereas
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Metrics for Decision-Making in Energy Justice Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Erin Baker, Sanya Carley, Sergio Castellanos, Destenie Nock, Joe F. Bozeman, David Konisky, Chukwuka G. Monyei, Monisha Shah, Benjamin Sovacool
Energy equity and justice have become priority considerations for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars alike. To ensure that energy equity is incorporated into actual decisions and analysis, it is necessary to design, use, and continually improve energy equity metrics. In this article, we review the literature and practices surrounding such metrics. We present a working definition for energy justice
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Plastics and the Environment Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 I.E. Napper, R.C. Thompson
Plastics are persistent and pervasive throughout the environment and have now been reported from the deepest parts of the ocean to the tops of the highest and most remote mountains. There is a body of information on the sources, degradation, and transport of plastics as well as a variety of research investigating the ecotoxicological and wider ecological consequences of plastic ingestion and accumulation
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Overheating of Cities: Magnitude, Characteristics, Impact, Mitigation and Adaptation, and Future Challenges Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Jie Feng, Kai Gao, H. Khan, G. Ulpiani, K. Vasilakopoulou, G. Young Yun, M. Santamouris
Urban overheating is the most documented phenomenon of climate change impacting humans. This article presents the most recent developments on the magnitude and characteristics of urban overheating and the potential synergies with global climatic change. It analyses the latest qualitative and quantitative data on the impact of higher urban temperatures on buildings’ energy supply and demand, heat-related
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Governance and Conservation Effectiveness in Protected Areas and Indigenous and Locally Managed Areas Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Yin Zhang, Paige West, Lerato Thakholi, Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi, Miriam Supuma, Dakota Straub, Samantha S. Sithole, Roshan Sharma, Judith Schleicher, Ben Ruli, David Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Mattias Borg Rasmussen, Victoria C. Ramenzoni, Siyu Qin, Deborah Delgado Pugley, Rachel Palfrey, Johan Oldekop, Emmanuel O. Nuesiri, Van Hai Thi Nguyen, Nouhou Ndam, Catherine Mungai, Sarah Milne, Mathew Bukhi
Increased conservation action to protect more habitat and species is fueling a vigorous debate about the relative effectiveness of different sorts of protected areas. Here we review the literature that compares the effectiveness of protected areas managed by states and areas managed by Indigenous peoples and/or local communities. We argue that these can be hard comparisons to make. Robust comparative
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The Global Technical, Economic, and Feasible Potential of Renewable Electricity Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Nils Angliviel de La Beaumelle, Kornelis Blok, Jacques A. de Chalendar, Leon Clarke, Andrea N. Hahmann, Jonathan Huster, Gregory F. Nemet, Dhruv Suri, Thomas B. Wild, Inês M.L. Azevedo
Renewable electricity generation will need to be rapidly scaled to address climate change and other environmental challenges. Doing so effectively will require an understanding of resource availability. We review estimates for renewable electricity of the global technical potential, defined as the amount of electricity that could be produced with current technologies when accounting for geographical
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US Legal and Regulatory Framework for Nuclear Waste from Present and Future Reactors and Their Fuel Cycles Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Sulgiye Park, Rodney C. Ewing
The nuclear waste management and disposal program in the United States for highly radioactive waste (spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste) has thus far been unsuccessful despite an effort that spans 40 years and the expenditure of tens of billions of dollars. Yet, today, there is considerable interest in and promotion of advanced reactor technologies, such as small modular reactors that will expand
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30×30 for Climate: The History and Future of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 L. Hannah, G.F. Midgley
Global agreement on 30×30 means an unprecedented last push to define how much nature will be left on the planet. At the same time that space for nature is being defined, climate change will be moving nature around. Species are now on the move to track climate change both on land and in the oceans, a process that is accelerating under dramatic new extreme events. This is an opportune time to review
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Three Decades of Climate Mitigation Policy: What Has It Delivered? Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Janna Hoppe, Ben Hinder, Ryan Rafaty, Anthony Patt, Michael Grubb
After tentative efforts during the 1990s, the past two decades have seen a rapid increase in the number of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation policies, initially in a few frontrunner countries and more recently spreading globally. Over the same period, GHG emissions have continued to rise, but the rate of growth has recently slowed. Are mitigation policies having an effect? To explore this question
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Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Tuula Niskanen, Robert Lücking, Anders Dahlberg, Ester Gaya, Laura M. Suz, Vladimir Mikryukov, Kare Liimatainen, Irina Druzhinina, James R.S. Westrip, Gregory M. Mueller, Kelmer Martins-Cunha, Paul Kirk, Leho Tedersoo, Alexandre Antonelli
Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and their conservation neglected. We aim to flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. We present a revised estimate of 2–3 million fungal species with a “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown
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Exploring Alternative Futures in the Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Steven Cork, Carla Alexandra, Jorge G. Alvarez-Romero, Elena M. Bennett, Marta Berbés-Blázquez, Erin Bohensky, Barbara Bok, Robert Costanza, Shizuka Hashimoto, Rosemary Hill, Sohail Inayatullah, Kasper Kok, Jan J. Kuiper, Magnus Moglia, Laura Pereira, Garry Peterson, Rebecca Weeks, Carina Wyborn
Many challenges posed by the current Anthropocene epoch require fundamental transformations to humanity's relationships with the rest of the planet. Achieving such transformations requires that humanity improve its understanding of the current situation and enhance its ability to imagine pathways toward alternative, preferable futures. We review advances in addressing these challenges that employ systematic
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The Commons Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Arun Agrawal, James Erbaugh, Nabin Pradhan
Commons—resources used or governed by groups of heterogeneous users through agreed-upon institutional arrangements—are the subject of one of the more successful research programs in the social-environmental sciences. This review assesses research on the commons to accomplish three tasks. First, it surveys the theoretical, substantive, and methods-focused achievements of the field, illustrating how
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Implications of Green Technologies for Environmental Justice Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Parth Vaishnav
There are large disparities in access to green technologies between countries and among different demographic groups within countries. Unless carefully managed, the energy transition risks exacerbating some of these inequalities, for example, by burdening those who are excluded from efficient new technologies with the costs of maintaining legacy infrastructure. The energy transition will create new
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Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms: Biological Traits, Mechanisms, Risks, and Control Strategies Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Lirong Song, Yunlu Jia, Boqiang Qin, Renhui Li, Wayne W. Carmichael, Nanqin Gan, Hai Xu, Kun Shan, Assaf Sukenik
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) impact lakes, estuaries, and freshwater reservoirs worldwide. The duration, severity, and spread of CyanoHABs have markedly increased over the past decades and will likely continue to increase. This article addresses the universal phenomena of cyanobacterial blooms occurring in many freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Based on analysis of ecophysiological traits
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Soils as Carbon Stores and Sinks: Expectations, Patterns, Processes, and Prospects of Transitions Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Meine van Noordwijk, Ermias Aynekulu, Renske Hijbeek, Eleanor Milne, Budiman Minasny, Danny Dwi Saputra
The few percent of soil organic carbon (SOC) among mineral components form the interface of climate, plant growth, soil biological processes, physical transport infrastructure, and chemical transformations. We explore maps, models, myths, motivation, means of implementation, and modalities for transformation. Theories of place relate geographic variation in SOC to climate, soil types, land cover, and
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Understanding Fire Regimes for a Better Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Luke T. Kelly, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Imma Oliveras Menor, Adam F.A. Pellegrini, Ella S. Plumanns-Pouton, Pere Pons, Grant J. Williamson, David M.J.S. Bowman
Fire is an integral part of the Earth System and humans have skillfully used fire for millennia. Yet human activities are scaling up and reinforcing each other in ways that are reshaping fire patterns across the planet. We review these changes using the concept of the fire regime, which describes the timing, location, and type of fires. We then explore the consequences of fire regime changes on the
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Mitigation of Concurrent Flood and Drought Risks Through Land Modifications: Potential and Perspectives of Land Users Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Lenka Slavíková, Anita Milman
Modifications to land can serve to jointly reduce risks of floods and droughts to people and to ecosystems. Whether land modifications are implemented will depend on the willingness and ability of a diversity of actors. This article reviews the state of knowledge on land modification use in areas exposed to dual hydrologic risks and the land owners, managers, and users who directly make decisions about
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The State of the World's Arable Land Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Lennart Olsson, Francesca Cotrufo, Timothy Crews, Janet Franklin, Alison King, Alisher Mirzabaev, Murray Scown, Anna Tengberg, Sebastian Villarino, Yafei Wang
For millennia, agriculture has been shaping landscapes on Earth. Technological change has increased agricultural productivity dramatically, especially in the past six decades, but also resulted in trade-offs such as land and soil degradation, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and spreading of toxic substances. In this article we review the impacts of agriculture on the world's arable land. We start
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Attribution of Extreme Events to Climate Change Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Friederike E.L. Otto
Within the past decade, the attribution of extreme weather events and their impacts has enabled scientists, the public, and policymakers alike to connect real-world experiences of extreme weather events with scientific understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Attribution studies of recent extreme weather events have formed a new and important line of evidence in the most recent Intergovernmental
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Groundwater Quality and Public Health Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Xianjun Xie, Jianbo Shi, Kunfu Pi, Yamin Deng, Bing Yan, Lei Tong, Linlin Yao, Yiran Dong, Junxia Li, Liyuan Ma, Chunmiao Zheng, Guibin Jiang
Groundwater deterioration due to enrichment with contaminants of either geogenic or anthropogenic origin has adversely affected safe water supply for drinking and irrigation, with pervasive impacts on human health and ecosystem functions. However, the spatiotemporal evolution and public health effects of groundwater quality remain unclarified, posing a grand challenge for the safe and sustainable supply
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Risks to Coastal Critical Infrastructure from Climate Change Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Indrajit Pal, Anil Kumar, Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Coastal systems are sensitive to direct and indirect impacts of climate change. Approximately 90% of all coastal areas will be affected by climate change to varying degrees. Nearly half of the world's major cities are located within 50 km of a coast, and coastal population densities are 2.6 times greater than those of inland areas, with a steep rise over the years. While coastal critical infrastructure
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Surveying the Evidence on Sustainable Intensification Strategies for Smallholder Agricultural Systems Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Meha Jain, Christopher B. Barrett, Divya Solomon, Kate Ghezzi-Kopel
Food demand is projected to increase significantly over the coming decades. Sustainable intensification (SI) is essential to meet this demand. SI is particularly important in smallholder systems, yet to date it remains unclear what the most promising SI strategies are to increase food production and farmer incomes at scale. We review the literature on SI to identify the most promising strategies, as
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Deforestation-Free Commodity Supply Chains: Myth or Reality? Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Eric F. Lambin, Paul R. Furumo
Since the early 2000s, many private companies, public-private coalitions, and governments have committed to remove deforestation from commodity supply chains. Despite these zero-deforestation commitments (ZDCs), high rates of deforestation persist and may even be increasing. On the upside, a few region- and commodity-specific ZDCs have contributed to reductions by up to hundreds of thousands of hectares
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Environmental Decision-Making in Times of Polarization Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Madeline Judge, Yoshihisa Kashima, Linda Steg, Thomas Dietz
Polarization in the United States and around the world is of growing concern. Polarization is about more than just differences in opinions in society. It occurs when groups increasingly diverge in either actual or perceived differences in opinion and can involve both disagreements about issues and negative views of other groups. Since most environmental problems are collective action problems, polarization
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Sustainability Careers Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Christopher G. Boone, Erin Bromaghim, Anne R. Kapuscinski
Addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development are the grand challenges for this century. This review assesses how sustainability and green jobs are changing in response to these formidable challenges, with a focus on energy transitions and responsible production and consumption. The energy transition to renewable sources will generate a net increase in employment, although some regions
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Advances in Qualitative Methods in Environmental Research Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Holly Caggiano, Elke U. Weber
Qualitative research methods examine a wide range of topics in the study of environment and resource management. This first review on the topic highlights innovative and impactful research over the past few decades, drawing from social science disciplines that include sociology, geography, anthropology, political science, public policy, and psychology. We describe qualitative research methods that
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Great Green Walls: Hype, Myth, and Science Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Matthew D. Turner, Diana K. Davis, Emily T. Yeh, Pierre Hiernaux, Emma R. Loizeaux, Emily M. Fornof, Anika M. Rice, Aaron K. Suiter
Visions of planting walls of trees to block the expansion of the desert have long been promoted but never realized. The green wall myth persists today even though it is premised on outdated understandings of desertification. We review the history of the idea of green walls and focus on two sets of contemporary initiatives to assess their outcomes: peri-Saharan programs (Algeria's Green Dam and Great
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Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Edward A.G. Schuur, Benjamin W. Abbott, Roisin Commane, Jessica Ernakovich, Eugenie Euskirchen, Gustaf Hugelius, Guido Grosse, Miriam Jones, Charlie Koven, Victor Leshyk, David Lawrence, Michael M. Loranty, Marguerite Mauritz, David Olefeldt, Susan Natali, Heidi Rodenhizer, Verity Salmon, Christina Schädel, Jens Strauss, Claire Treat, Merritt Turetsky
Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming
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Shepherding Sub-Saharan Africa's Wildlife Through Peak Anthropogenic Pressure Toward a Green Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 P.A. Lindsey, S.H. Anderson, A. Dickman, P. Gandiwa, S. Harper, A.B. Morakinyo, N. Nyambe, M. O'Brien-Onyeka, C. Packer, A.H. Parker, A.S. Robson, Alice Ruhweza, E.A. Sogbohossou, K.W. Steiner, P.N. Tumenta
Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA's) iconic biodiversity is of immense potential global value but is jeopardized by increasing anthropogenic pressures. Elevated consumption in wealthier countries and the demands of international corporations manifest in significant resource extraction from SSA. Biodiversity in SSA also faces increasing domestic pressures, including rapidly growing human populations. The demographic
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The Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Supporting Social-Ecological Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Beth Turner, Tahia Devisscher, Nicole Chabaneix, Stephen Woroniecki, Christian Messier, Nathalie Seddon
Social-ecological systems underpinning nature-based solutions (NbS) must be resilient to changing conditions if NbS are to contribute to long-term climate change adaptation. We develop a two-part conceptual framework linking social-ecological resilience to adaptation outcomes in NbS. Part one determines the potential of NbS to support resilience based on assessing whether NbS affect key mechanisms
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Food System Resilience: Concepts, Issues, and Challenges Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Monika Zurek, John Ingram, Angelina Sanderson Bellamy, Conor Goold, Christopher Lyon, Peter Alexander, Andrew Barnes, Daniel P. Bebber, Tom D. Breeze, Ann Bruce, Lisa M. Collins, Jessica Davies, Bob Doherty, Jonathan Ensor, Sofia C. Franco, Andrea Gatto, Tim Hess, Chrysa Lamprinopoulou, Lingxuan Liu, Magnus Merkle, Lisa Norton, Tom Oliver, Jeff Ollerton, Simon Potts, Mark S. Reed, Chloe Sutcliffe,
Food system resilience has multiple dimensions. We draw on food system and resilience concepts and review resilience framings of different communities. We present four questions to frame food system resilience (Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience from whose perspective? Resilience for how long?) and three approaches to enhancing resilience (robustness, recovery, and reorientation—the
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Indoor Air Pollution and Health: Bridging Perspectives from Developing and Developed Countries Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Ajay Pillarisetti, Wenlu Ye, Sourangsu Chowdhury
Much of the global population spends most of their time indoors; however, air pollution measurement, a proxy of exposure, occurs primarily outdoors. This fundamental disconnect between where the people are and where the measurements are made likely leads to misestimation of the true burden of air pollution on human health, which is already substantial, with exposure leading to approximately 6.7 million
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Carbon Leakage, Consumption, and Trade Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 Michael Grubb, Nino David Jordan, Edgar Hertwich, Karsten Neuhoff, Kasturi Das, Kaushik Ranjan Bandyopadhyay, Harro van Asselt, Misato Sato, Ranran Wang, William A. Pizer, Hyungna Oh
We review the state of knowledge concerning international CO2 emission transfers associated particularly with trade in energy-intensive goods and concerns about carbon leakage arising from climate policies. The historical increase in aggregate emission transfers from developing to developed countries peaked around 2006 and declined since. Studies find no evidence that climate policies lead to carbon
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Detecting Thresholds of Ecological Change in the Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-06 Rebecca Spake, Martha Paola Barajas-Barbosa, Shane A. Blowes, Diana E. Bowler, Corey T. Callaghan, Magda Garbowski, Stephanie D. Jurburg, Roel van Klink, Lotte Korell, Emma Ladouceur, Roberto Rozzi, Duarte S. Viana, Wu-Bing Xu, Jonathan M. Chase
Ecological thresholds comprise relatively fast changes in ecological conditions, with respect to time or external drivers, and are an attractive concept in both scientific and policy arenas. However, there is considerable debate concerning the existence, underlying mechanisms, and generalizability of ecological thresholds across a range of ecological subdisciplines. Here, we usethe general concept
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Digitalization and the Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-03 Felix Creutzig, Daron Acemoglu, Xuemei Bai, Paul N. Edwards, Marie Josefine Hintz, Lynn H. Kaack, Siir Kilkis, Stefanie Kunkel, Amy Luers, Nikola Milojevic-Dupont, Dave Rejeski, Jürgen Renn, David Rolnick, Christoph Rosol, Daniela Russ, Thomas Turnbull, Elena Verdolini, Felix Wagner, Charlie Wilson, Aicha Zekar, Marius Zumwald
Great claims have been made about the benefits of dematerialization in a digital service economy. However, digitalization has historically increased environmental impacts at local and planetary scales, affecting labor markets, resource use, governance, and power relationships. Here we study the past, present, and future of digitalization through the lens of three interdependent elements of the Anthropocene:
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Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, Trends, and Perspectives Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Sandra Díaz, Yadvinder Malhi
Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has a burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on several key concepts, debates, patterns, trends, and drivers. We review the history of the term and the multiple dimensions and values of biodiversity, and we explore what is known and not known about global patterns of biodiversity
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Sustainable Cooling in a Warming World: Technologies, Cultures, and Circularity Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Radhika Khosla, Renaldi Renaldi, Antonella Mazzone, Caitlin McElroy, Giovani Palafox-Alcantar
Cooling is fundamental to quality of life in a warming world, but its growth trajectory is leading to a substantial increase in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. The world is currently locked into vapor-compression air conditioning as the aspirational means of staying cool, yet billions of people cannot access or afford this technology. Non–vapor compression technologies exist but have low Technological
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The Future of Tourism in the Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-27 A. Holden, T. Jamal, F. Burini
This article undertakes a comprehensive review of tourism's impacts on social-ecological systems and the use of the local to global commons. It examines a wide range of issues from climate change and air travel to biodiversity loss, pollution, and overtourism. It reinforces that tourism in modernity has pursued a dominant growth-driven paradigm of development and market expansion that is unsustainable
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Net Zero: Science, Origins, and Implications Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-27 Myles R. Allen, Pierre Friedlingstein, Cécile A.J. Girardin, Stuart Jenkins, Yadvinder Malhi, Eli Mitchell-Larson, Glen P. Peters, Lavanya Rajamani
This review explains the science behind the drive for global net zero emissions and why this is needed to halt the ongoing rise in global temperatures. We document how the concept of net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions emerged from an earlier focus on stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Using simple conceptual models of the coupled climate–carbon cycle system, we explain
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Transnational Social Movements: Environmentalist, Indigenous, and Agrarian Visions for Planetary Futures Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Carwil Bjork-James, Melissa Checker, Marc Edelman
Environmentalist, Indigenous, and agrarian and food justice movements that mobilize across and beyond national borders are demanding recognition and participation in debates and policies that shape planetary futures. We review recent social movements that challenge agendas set by corporations, elites, states, conservative movements, and some international governance institutions. We pay particular
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The Concept of Adaptation Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Ben Orlove
Adaptation (i.e., actions that reduce the harms caused by climate change) is widely recognized as one of two pillars of climate action, along with mitigation (i.e., actions that reduce the concentrations of greenhouse gases which cause climate change). Action to date in both pillars is widely recognized as insufficient. This article argues that a major source of this deficiency of adaptation is ambiguity
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Community Monitoring of Natural Resource Systems and the Environment Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Finn Danielsen, Hajo Eicken, Mikkel Funder, Noor Johnson, Olivia Lee, Ida Theilade, Dimitrios Argyriou, Neil D. Burgess
Community monitoring can track environmental phenomena, resource use, and natural resource management processes of concern to community members. It can also contribute to planning and decision-making and empower community members in resource management. While community monitoring that addresses the environmental crisis is growing, it also gathers data on other global challenges: climate change, social
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Feminist Ecologies Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Diana Ojeda, Padini Nirmal, Dianne Rocheleau, Jody Emel
In times of devastating ecological crisis, where can we find a route map to collectively halt current trends of destruction? In this review, we examine feminist studies’ recent contributions to activism and theorizing regarding extraction, emerging ecologies, and multispecies justice. By bringing in salient research from the fields of feminist political ecology, ecofeminism, and decolonial/anticolonial
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Grassy Ecosystems in the Anthropocene Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Nicola Stevens, William Bond, Angelica Feurdean, Caroline E.R. Lehmann
As the Anthropocene advances, there are few parts of Earth that have not been impacted by human influence. Humans have had a long-sustained interaction with grassy ecosystems, but they are becoming severely impacted by direct and indirect impacts as the Anthropocene advances. Grassy ecosystems are easy to clear and cultivate, poorly protected, and poorly defined due to legacies of colonial narratives
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The Ocean Carbon Cycle Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-07-25 Tim DeVries
The ocean holds vast quantities of carbon that it continually exchanges with the atmosphere through the air-sea interface. Because of its enormous size and relatively rapid exchange of carbon with the atmosphere, the ocean controls atmospheric CO2 concentration and thereby Earth's climate on timescales of tens to thousands of years. This review examines the basic functions of the ocean's carbon cycle
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A New Dark Age? Truth, Trust, and Environmental Science Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Torbjørn Gundersen, Donya Alinejad, T.Y. Branch, Bobby Duffy, Kirstie Hewlett, Cathrine Holst, Susan Owens, Folco Panizza, Silje Maria Tellmann, José van Dijck, Maria Baghramian
This review examines the alleged crisis of trust in environmental science and its impact on public opinion, policy decisions in the context of democratic governance, and the interaction between science and society. In an interdisciplinary manner, the review focuses on the following themes: the trustworthiness of environmental science, empirical studies on levels of trust and trust formation; social
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Why People Do What They Do: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis of Human Action Theories Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Harold N. Eyster, Terre Satterfield, Kai M.A. Chan
Understanding why people do what they do is central to advancing equitable and sustainable futures. Yet, theories about human action are fragmented across many social science disciplines, each with its own jargon and implicit assumptions. This fragmentation has hindered theory integration and accessibility of theories relevant to a given challenge. We synthesized human action theories from across the
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Sustainability in Health Care Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Howard Hu, Gary Cohen, Bhavna Sharma, Hao Yin, Rob McConnell
The academic public health and biomedical communities have a long history of researching and documenting the adverse impacts of pollution on human health. However, the healthcare industry itself is a major contributor to pollution as well as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions responsible for global warming. For example, the health sectors of the United States, Australia, England, and Canada are estimated
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Remote Sensing the Ocean Biosphere Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Sam Purkis, Ved Chirayath
This article reviews the broad range of contemporary remote sensing technologies that can access the ocean, while emphasizing next-generation ones that might revolutionize the field. Significant challenges remain in studying the largest part of Earth's biosphere. As of 2022, less than 10% of the ocean has been imaged at a comparable resolution to the surface of the moon and Mars, despite comprising
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How Stimulating Is a Green Stimulus? The Economic Attributes of Green Fiscal Spending Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Brian O'Callaghan, Nigel Yau, Cameron Hepburn
When deep recessions hit, some governments spend to rescue and recover their economies. Key economic objectives of such countercyclical spending include protecting and creating jobs while reinvigorating economic growth—but governments can also use this spending to achieve long-term social and environmental goals. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, claims have been made that green
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Environmental Impacts of Artificial Light at Night Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Kevin J. Gaston, Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel
The nighttime is undergoing unprecedented change across much of the world, with natural light cycles altered by the introduction of artificial light emissions. Here we review the extent and dynamics of artificial light at night (ALAN), the benefits that ALAN provides, the environmental costs ALAN creates, approaches to mitigating these negative effects, and how costs are likely to change in the future
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Agrochemicals, Environment, and Human Health Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 P. Indira Devi, M. Manjula, R.V. Bhavani
Global consumption of agrochemicals continues to rise, despite growing evidence of their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health. The extent of increase varies across nations, by type of chemical compounds and by severity of the detrimental impacts. The differential impacts are largely attributable to the level of technology adoption and regulation as well as their enforcement and
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State of the World's Birds Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-05-05 Alexander C. Lees, Lucy Haskell, Tris Allinson, Simeon B. Bezeng, Ian J. Burfield, Luis Miguel Renjifo, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, Ashwin Viswanathan, Stuart H.M. Butchart
We present an overview of the global spatiotemporal distribution of avian biodiversity, changes in our knowledge of that biodiversity, and the extent to which it is imperilled. Birds are probably the most completely inventoried large taxonomic class of organisms, permitting a uniquely detailed understanding of how the Anthropocene has shaped their distributions and conservation status in space and
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COVID-19 and the Environment: Short-Run and Potential Long-Run Impacts Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Noah S. Diffenbaugh
This review examines observed and hypothesized environmental impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Impacts are considered along two axes: timescale (from initial widespread sheltering, to a future after the economic recovery) and causal link (from direct impacts of protective measures, to cascading impacts of policy choices and market and behavioral responses). The available
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Anticipating the Future of the World's Ocean Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-03-19 Casey C. O'Hara, Benjamin S. Halpern
Oceans play critical roles in the lives, economies, cultures, and nutrition of people globally, yet face increasing pressures from human activities that put those benefits at risk. To anticipate the future of the world's ocean, we review the many human activities that impose pressures on marine species and ecosystems, evaluating their impacts on marine life, the degree of scientific uncertainty in
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Transnational Corporations, Biosphere Stewardship, and Sustainable Futures Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-03-09 H. Österblom, J. Bebbington, R. Blasiak, M. Sobkowiak, C. Folke
Corporations are perceived as increasingly powerful and critically important to ensuring that irreversible climatological or ecological tipping points on Earth are not crossed. Environmental impacts of corporate activities include pollution of soils, freshwater and the ocean, depletion of ecosystems and species, unsustainable use of resources, changes to air quality, and alteration of the global climate
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Contemporary Populism and the Environment Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. (IF 16.4) Pub Date : 2022-03-03 Andrew Ofstehage, Wendy Wolford, Saturnino M. Borras
This review engages with literature on authoritarian populism, focusing specifically on its relationship to the environment. We analyze hybrid combinations of authoritarianism and populism to explore three themes from the literature: environmental governance, social and political representations of nature, and resistance. In the environmental governance section, we analyze how governments have increasingly