Abstract Size-resolved trace metal concentrations at four sites in Leipzig (Germany) and its surrounding were assessed between the winter of 2013 and the summer of 2015. The measurements were performed in parallel at; traffic dominated (Leipzig – Mitte, LMI), traffic and residential dominated (Eisenbahnstrasse, EIB), urban background (TROPOS, TRO) and regional background (Melpitz, MEL) sites. In total, 19 trace metals, i.e. K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ba, V, Pb, Ni, Cr, Sr, Sn, Sb, Co and Rb were analysed using total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF). The major metals were Fe, K and Ca with concentrations ranging between; 31–440 ng/m3, 42–153 ng/m3 and 24–322 ng/m3, respectively, while the trace metals with the lowest concentrations were Co, Rb and Se with concentrations of; Traffic at LMI contributed to about 75% of Cr, Ba, Cu, Sb, Sn, Ca, Co, Mn, Fe and Ti concentrations while regional activities contributed to more than 70% of K, Rb, Pb, Se, As and V concentrations. Traffic dominated trace metals were often observed in the coarse mode while the regional background dominated trace metals were often observed in the fine mode. Trace metal sources were related to crustal matter and road dust re-suspension for metals such as Ca, Fe, Co, Sr, and Ti, brake and tire wear (Cu, Sb, Ba, Fe, Zn, Pb), biomass burning (K, Rb), oil and coal combustion (V, Zn, As, Pb). Crustal matter contributed 5–12% in winter and 8–19% in summer of the PM10 mass. Using Cu and Zn as markers for brake and tire wear, respectively, the estimated brake and tire wear contributions to the PM10 mass were 0.1–0.8% and 1.7–2.9%, respectively. The higher contributions were observed at the traffic sites while the lower contributions were observed at the regional background site. In total, non-exhaust emissions could account for about 10–22% of the PM10 mass in the summer and about 7–15% of the PM10 mass in the winter.

中文翻译：

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莱比锡地区尺寸分辨颗粒物中痕量金属含量的评估

摘要 在 2013 年冬季至 2015 年夏季期间，评估了莱比锡（德国）及其周边地区四个地点的尺寸分辨痕量金属浓度。交通主导（莱比锡 – 米特，LMI），交通和住宅主导（Eisenbahnstrasse，EIB），城市背景（TROPOS，TRO）和区域背景（梅尔皮茨，MEL）站点。总共使用全反射分析了 19 种痕量金属，即 K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ba、V、Pb、Ni、Cr、Sr、Sn、Sb、Co 和 Rb X 射线荧光 (TXRF)。主要金属为 Fe、K 和 Ca，浓度介于两者之间；分别为 31–440 ng/m3、42–153 ng/m3 和 24–322 ng/m3，而浓度最低的痕量金属是 Co、Rb 和 Se，其浓度分别为；LMI 的流量贡献了约 75% 的 Cr、Ba、Cu、Sb、Sn、Ca、Co、Mn、Fe 和 Ti 浓度，而区域活动对 K、Rb、Pb、Se、As 和 V 浓度的贡献超过 70%。在粗模式下经常观察到交通主导的痕量金属，而在细模式下经常观察到区域背景主导的痕量金属。微量金属来源与地壳物质和道路灰尘对 Ca、Fe、Co、Sr 和 Ti 等金属的再悬浮、刹车和轮胎磨损（Cu、Sb、Ba、Fe、Zn、Pb）、生物质燃烧（ K、Rb）、石油和煤燃烧（V、Zn、As、Pb）。地壳物质在冬季贡献了 5-12%，在夏季贡献了 8-19% 的 PM10 质量。分别使用 Cu 和 Zn 作为刹车和轮胎磨损的标记，估计刹车和轮胎磨损对 PM10 质量的贡献分别为 0.1-0.8% 和 1.7-2.9%。在交通站点观察到较高的贡献，而在区域背景站点观察到较低的贡献。总体而言，夏季非废气排放量约占 PM10 质量的 10-22%，冬季约占 PM10 质量的 7-15%。