The design and fabrication of self-assembled peptide nanostructures offer an amazing platform for creating functional nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. Utilizing the mechanical and biological advantages of the protein-mimetic peptide (PMP) system, and combining self-assembled PMP nanofibers with other nanomaterials like nanoparticles, the fabricated PMP-based hybrid fibrous nanostructures can serve as promising candidates for advanced technological applications. In this review, we present the design, synthesis, modification, and fabrication of PMP nanofibers by mimicking the properties and functions of several types of proteins, including extracellular matrix proteins, silk proteins, amyloid proteins, and heparin. The sequence and motif design of PMPs, and the relationships between the design of PMP monomers and the fabrication of functional fibrous biomaterials are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, we summarize a basic classification of various peptide motifs, and provide some instructions for the function-based design of peptide nanostructures, in which some issues on the motif design and function tailoring are discussed. Finally, the recent advances in the PMP nanofiber-based functional nanomaterials in biomineralization, cell culture, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, hemostasis, bioimaging, and biosensors are presented in detail. We believe that this review will be very helpful for researchers to understand the property-specific molecular design, controllable supramolecular self-assembly, and motif-specific applications of both peptides and proteins.

自组装肽纳米结构的设计和制造为创建用于各种生物医学应用的功能性纳米材料提供了一个了不起的平台。利用蛋白模拟肽（PMP）系统的机械和生物学优势，并将自组装的PMP纳米纤维与其他纳米材料（如纳米颗粒）结合在一起，所制造的基于PMP的杂化纤维纳米结构可以作为有前途的候选技术用于先进的技术应用。在这篇综述中，我们通过模仿几种蛋白的特性和功能，包括细胞外基质蛋白，丝蛋白，淀粉样蛋白和肝素，介绍了PMP纳米纤维的设计，合成，修饰和制造。PMP的序列和基序设计，介绍并讨论了PMP单体的设计与功能性纤维生物材料的制备之间的关系。此外，我们总结了各种肽基序的基本分类，并为基于功能的肽纳米结构设计提供了一些说明，其中讨论了有关基序设计和功能定制的一些问题。最后，详细介绍了基于PMP纳米纤维的功能纳米材料在生物矿化，细胞培养，组织再生，药物输送，止血，生物成像和生物传感器方面的最新进展。我们认为，这篇综述对研究人员了解肽和蛋白质的特性特异性分子设计，可控的超分子自组装以及基序特异性应用非常有帮助。