The desire for high sensitivity, resolution, low toxicity, and fast clearance contrast agents has driven the research for new nanomaterial systems. The drawbacks of traditional molecular probes limit their bioimaging ability, hence the exploration of emerging nanomaterials for multimodal bioimaging continues with rational designs. The key for realizing effective multimodal bioimaging is harnessing the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials. Although some nanomaterials possess multimodality intrinsically, those imaging modes may not be sufficient to meet the increasing demands of various applications. Therefore, the fabrication of novel composite structures by integrating various nanomaterials or molecules may overcome the challenging issues in multimodal bioimaging. An overview and considerations for multimodal bioimaging and the requirements regarding the nanomaterials are presented. The recently emerged nanomaterials and their composite structures for multimodal bioimaging are highlighted, including the recently emerging 2D materials. The traditional nanomaterials also show breakthroughs in terms of novel structures and morphologies, which would affect the contrast ability, entrance, and clearance from the in vivo models. Finally, some suggestions for toxicity studies of nanomaterials and new strategies are presented for realizing the advance of multimodal bioimaging.

中文翻译：

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先进的纳米材料，用于先进的多峰生物成像应用

对高灵敏度，分辨率，低毒性和快速清除造影剂的需求推动了对新型纳米材料系统的研究。传统分子探针的缺点限制了它们的生物成像能力，因此，通过合理的设计继续探索新兴的用于多峰生物成像的纳米材料。实现有效的多峰生物成像的关键是利用纳米材料的物理和化学特性。尽管某些纳米材料本质上具有多峰性，但这些成像模式可能不足以满足各种应用的不断增长的需求。因此，通过整合各种纳米材料或分子来制造新颖的复合结构可以克服多峰生物成像中的挑战性问题。介绍了多模态生物成像的概述和注意事项以及有关纳米材料的要求。重点介绍了最近出现的纳米材料及其用于多峰生物成像的复合结构，包括最近出现的2D材料。传统的纳米材料在新颖的结构和形态方面也显示出突破，这将影响体内模型的对比能力，进入和清除率。最后，对纳米材料的毒性研究提出了一些建议，并提出了实现多峰生物成像技术发展的新策略。传统的纳米材料在新颖的结构和形态方面也显示出突破，这将影响体内模型的对比能力，进入和清除率。最后，对纳米材料的毒性研究提出了一些建议，并提出了实现多峰生物成像技术发展的新策略。传统的纳米材料在新颖的结构和形态方面也显示出突破，这将影响体内模型的对比能力，进入和清除率。最后，对纳米材料的毒性研究提出了一些建议，并提出了实现多峰生物成像技术发展的新策略。