Spontaneous droplet jumping on nanostructured surfaces can potentially enhance condensation heat transfer by accelerating droplet removal. However, uncontrolled nucleation in the micro-defects of nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces could lead to the formation of large pinned droplets, which greatly degrades the performance. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time stable and efficient jumping droplet condensation on a superhydrophobic surface with three-dimensional (3D) copper nanowire networks. Due to the formation of interconnections among nanowires, the micro-defects are eliminated while the spacing between nanowires is reduced, which results in the formation of highly mobile droplets. By preventing flooding on 3D nanowire networks, we experimentally demonstrate a 100% higher heat flux compared with that on the state-of-the-art hydrophobic surface over a wide range of subcooling (up to 28 K). The remarkable water repellency of 3D nanowire networks can be applied to a broad range of water-harvesting and phase-change heat transfer applications.

自发液滴在纳米结构表面上的跳跃可通过加速液滴去除而潜在地增强凝结传热。但是，纳米结构超疏水表面的微缺陷中不受控制的成核作用可能导致形成大的固定液滴，从而大大降低性能。在这里，我们通过实验首次证明了具有三维（3D）铜纳米线网络的超疏水表面上稳定，有效的跳跃液滴凝结。由于在纳米线之间形成了互连，消除了微缺陷，同时减小了纳米线之间的间距，从而形成了高度可移动的液滴。通过防止3D纳米线网络上的洪水泛滥，我们通过实验证明，在较宽的过冷度（最高28 K）下，与最先进的疏水表面相比，其热通量要高出100％。3D纳米线网络的卓越拒水性可应用于广泛的集水和相变传热应用。