Knowledge of the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and cell membranes is of great importance for the design of safe and efficient nanomedicines. Extensive studies aimed at understanding the correlation of NP properties with endocytosis have been carried out in the past few years. Here, we review the recent progress of these studies and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the influence of NP size, shape, stiffness and surface chemistry on cellular uptake. Special attention was dedicated to the uptake of non-spherical nanoparticles. Some general principles obtained from these fundamental studies will serve as guidelines for the design of optimised NP for enhanced cellular uptake. Finally, the opportunities for polymer chemists are discussed.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子进入细胞：纳米粒子特性的重要性

纳米颗粒（NPs）与细胞膜之间相互作用的知识对于设计安全有效的纳米药物非常重要。在过去的几年中，进行了广泛的研究，旨在了解NP特性与胞吞作用的相关性。在这里，我们审查这些研究的最新进展，并提供有关NP大小，形状，刚度和表面化学对细胞摄取的影响的当前知识状态的概述。特别注意非球形纳米颗粒的吸收。从这些基础研究中获得的一些一般原则将作为优化NP设计以增强细胞摄取的指导原则。最后，讨论了高分子化学家的机会。