Analyzing microRNAs (miRNAs) within urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) is important for realizing miRNA-based, simple, and noninvasive early disease diagnoses and timely medical checkups. However, the inherent difficulty in collecting dilute concentrations of EVs (<0.01 volume %) from urine has hindered the development of these diagnoses and medical checkups. We propose a device composed of nanowires anchored into a microfluidic substrate. This device enables EV collections at high efficiency and in situ extractions of various miRNAs of different sequences (around 1000 types) that significantly exceed the number of species being extracted by the conventional ultracentrifugation method. The mechanical stability of nanowires anchored into substrates during buffer flow and the electrostatic collection of EVs onto the nanowires are the two key mechanisms that ensure the success of the proposed device. In addition, we use our methodology to identify urinary miRNAs that could potentially serve as biomarkers for cancer not only for urologic malignancies (bladder and prostate) but also for nonurologic ones (lung, pancreas, and liver). The present device concept will provide a foundation for work toward the long-term goal of urine-based early diagnoses and medical checkups for cancer.

中文翻译：

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通过纳米线揭示出大量与癌症相关的尿microRNA候选物。

分析尿细胞外囊泡（EVs）中的microRNA（miRNA）对于实现基于miRNA的，简单的，无创的早期疾病诊断和及时的医疗检查非常重要。然而，从尿液中收集稀释浓度的电动汽车（<0.01体积％）固有的困难阻碍了这些诊断和医学检查的发展。我们提出了一种由锚定在微流体基质中的纳米线组成的装置。该设备可以高效地进行EV采集，并原位提取不同序列（大约1000种类型）的各种miRNA，这些miRNA大大超过了通过常规超速离心方法提取的物种数量。在缓冲液流动期间锚定在基板中的纳米线的机械稳定性以及将EV静电收集到纳米线上是确保所提出的装置成功的两个关键机制。此外，我们使用我们的方法来鉴定可能不仅作为泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（膀胱和前列腺）而且作为非泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（肺，胰腺和肝脏）的癌症生物标志物的尿液miRNA。当前的设备概念将为实现基于尿液的癌症早期诊断和体检的长期目标奠定基础。我们使用我们的方法来鉴定可能不仅作为泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（膀胱和前列腺）而且作为非泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（肺，胰腺和肝脏）的癌症生物标志物的尿液miRNA。当前的设备概念将为实现基于尿液的癌症早期诊断和体检的长期目标奠定基础。我们使用我们的方法来鉴定可能不仅作为泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（膀胱和前列腺）而且作为非泌尿系统恶性肿瘤（肺，胰腺和肝脏）的癌症生物标志物的尿液miRNA。当前的设备概念将为实现基于尿液的癌症早期诊断和体检的长期目标奠定基础。