The reactions of Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Te atoms with silane molecules were studied using matrix-isolation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. All metals generate the inserted complexes HM-SiH₃, which were stabilized in an argon matrix, while H₂M═SiH₂ and H₃M≡SiH were not observed. DFT and CCSD(T) calculations show the insertion complex HM-SiH₃ is the most stable isomer with a near right angle H–M–Si moiety. However, silydene complexes H₂M═SiH₂ (M = C, Si) were calculated and identified as the most stable complexes with the lighter elements. The bonding difference is mainly due to relativistic effects, which is that for heavier metal atoms valence s and p orbitals have a lower tendency to form hybrid orbitals.

中文翻译：

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HM–SiH _3的基体红外光谱和结构（M = Ge，Sn，Pb，Sb，Bi，Te原子）

使用基质分离傅里叶变换红外光谱和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算研究了Ge，Sn，Pb，Sb，Bi和Te原子与硅烷分子的反应。所有金属生成络合物插入HM-的SiH ₃，将其在氩气基质稳定化功能，H ₂ M═SiH ₂和H ₃ M≡SiH中未观察到。DFT和CCSD（T）计算表明，插入配合物HM-SiH ₃是最稳定的异构体，具有近似直角的H-M-Si部分。然而，silydene络合物ħ ₂ M═SiH ₂（M = C，Si）被计算并确定为与较轻元素最稳定的配合物。键的差异主要是由于相对论效应，即相对于较重的金属原子，价s和p轨道形成杂化轨道的可能性较低。