Rechargeable metal-iodine batteries are an emerging attractive electrochemical energy storage technology that combines metallic anodes with halogen cathodes. Such batteries using aqueous electrolytes represent a viable solution for the safety and cost issues associated with organic electrolytes. A hybrid-electrolyte battery architecture has been adopted in a lithium-iodine battery using a solid ceramic membrane that protects the metallic anode from contacting the aqueous electrolyte. Here we demonstrate an eco-friendly, low-cost zinc-iodine battery with an aqueous electrolyte, wherein active I2 is confined in a nanoporous carbon cloth substrate. The electrochemical reaction is confined in the nanopores as a single conversion reaction, thus avoiding the production of I₃⁻ intermediates. The cathode architecture fully utilizes the active I₂, showing a capacity of 255 mAh·g⁻¹ and low capacity cycling fading. The battery provides an energy density of ∼ 151 Wh·kg⁻¹ and exhibits an ultrastable cycle life of more than 1,500 cycles.

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可充电金属碘电池是一种新兴的有吸引力的电化学能量存储技术，将金属阳极与卤素阴极结合在一起。这种使用含水电解质的电池代表了与有机电解质有关的安全性和成本问题的可行解决方案。在使用固体陶瓷膜的锂碘电池中已经采用了混合电解质电池结构，该陶瓷膜保护金属阳极不与含水电解质接触。在这里，我们演示了一种具有水性电解质的环保，低成本的锌碘电池，其中活性I2被限制在纳米多孔碳布基材中。电化学反应在纳米孔限制为单个的转化反应，从而避免了生产我₃ ^-中间体。阴极架构充分利用了有源I ₂，显示出255 mAh·g ^-1的容量和低容量的循环衰落。该电池的能量密度为151 Wh·kg ^-1，循环寿命超过1,500次。

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