The appropriate application of advanced control strategies in Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is key to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. Significant advances have been made in the past decades on model development to provide better control over the energy consumption of system components while simultaneously ensuring a satisfactory indoor environment in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Yet it is an ongoing challenge to select and implement the best-suited modeling technique for improving the control strategy of HVAC systems. For the development of modeling research it is important that the building research community is informed about the role, application, merits, shortcomings and outcomes of different modeling techniques used in HVAC systems. Even though several review articles have been published on modeling techniques, the weaknesses and strengths of these modeling techniques, along with performances of developed models associated with research studies, have rarely been identified. This study presents a critical review of current modeling techniques used in HVAC systems regarding their applicability and ease of acceptance in practice and summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, applications and performance of these modeling techniques. Additionally, the performance and outcome of some of the developed models used in real world HVAC systems have been discussed. From the extensive critical review it is evident that almost every model has a major/minor shortcoming generated from assumptions, unmeasured disturbances or uncertainties in some system properties. This review aims at highlighting the shortcomings of existing application-based research on HVAC systems, and accordingly, recommendations are presented to improve the performance of building HVAC systems.

在加热，通风和空调（HVAC）系统中适当应用高级控制策略是提高建筑物能源效率的关键。在过去的几十年中，模型开发取得了重大进展，可以更好地控制系统组件的能耗，同时在热舒适性和室内空气质量方面确保令人满意的室内环境。然而，选择和实施最适合的建模技术以改善HVAC系统的控制策略仍是一项持续的挑战。对于建模研究的发展，重要的是让建筑研究社区了解暖通空调系统中使用的各种建模技术的作用，应用，优点，缺点和结果。尽管已经发表了几篇有关建模技术的评论文章，但很少发现这些建模技术的弱点和优势以及与研究相关的已开发模型的性能。这项研究对HVAC系统中当前使用的建模技术的适用性和在实践中的接受程度进行了严格的审查，并总结了这些建模技术的优势，劣势，应用和性能。此外，还讨论了实际HVAC系统中使用的某些已开发模型的性能和结果。从广泛的批判性评估中可以看出，几乎每个模型都有一些主要/次要缺点，这些缺点是由某些系统特性的假设，无法测量的干扰或不确定性引起的。