Abstract Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) can be affected by time–activity patterns and microenvironmental concentrations. Particle size is closely associated with potential health problems, where smaller particles have greater effects on health. We investigated the effects of time–activity patterns on personal exposure and the contribution of the microenvironment to personal exposure to PM with maximal diameters of 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively) in summer and winter. Technicians carried a nephelometer to detect various sizes of PM while engaging in one of nine scripted time–location–activity patterns. The scripted activities were based on the time–activity patterns of nine groups of inhabitants of Seoul, Korea. The monitoring was repeated in summer and winter to assess seasonal variation. The differences of personal exposures to PM 10 and PM 2.5 in summer and winter were not significant. The greatest PM concentrations occurred in restaurants. The PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios were varied from 0.35 at schools to 0.92 at stores. In both seasons, the residential indoor microenvironment was the largest contributor to personal PM exposure. The other major contributors were restaurants, offices, schools, buses, and walking, although their contributions differed by season and particle size. The different microenvironmental contributions among the activity pattern groups suggest that personal exposure significantly differs according to activity pattern.

中文翻译：

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微环境对夏季和冬季个人暴露于 PM 10 和 PM 2.5 的贡献

摘要 个人对颗粒物 (PM) 的暴露会受到时间-活动模式和微环境浓度的影响。颗粒大小与潜在的健康问题密切相关，其中较小的颗粒对健康的影响更大。我们研究了时间-活动模式对个人暴露的影响以及微环境对个人暴露于夏季和冬季最大直径为 10 μm 和 2.5 μm（分别为 PM 10 和 PM 2.5 ）的 PM 的影响。技术人员携带一个浊度计来检测各种大小的 PM，同时参与九个脚本化的时间-位置-活动模式之一。脚本化活动基于韩国首尔九组居民的时间-活动模式。在夏季和冬季重复监测以评估季节性变化。夏季和冬季个人暴露于 PM 10 和 PM 2.5 的差异不显着。最大的 PM 浓度发生在餐馆。PM 2.5 / PM 10 比率从学校的 0.35 到商店的 0.92 不等。在这两个季节，住宅室内微环境是个人 PM 暴露的最大贡献者。其他主要贡献者是餐馆、办公室、学校、公共汽车和步行，尽管它们的贡献因季节和颗粒大小而异。活动模式组之间不同的微环境贡献表明个人暴露根据活动模式显着不同。92在商店。在这两个季节，住宅室内微环境是个人 PM 暴露的最大贡献者。其他主要贡献者是餐馆、办公室、学校、公共汽车和步行，尽管它们的贡献因季节和颗粒大小而异。活动模式组之间不同的微环境贡献表明个人暴露根据活动模式显着不同。92在商店。在这两个季节，住宅室内微环境是个人 PM 暴露的最大贡献者。其他主要贡献者是餐馆、办公室、学校、公共汽车和步行，尽管它们的贡献因季节和颗粒大小而异。活动模式组之间不同的微环境贡献表明个人暴露根据活动模式显着不同。