Abstract Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are widely present all over the world due to the high population demand for food and products of animal origin. However, they have generated several environmental concerns, including odour nuisance, which affects people health and quality of life. Odours from livestock are a very complex mixtures of molecules and their analytical investigation is highly demanding. Many works have been published regarding the study of odours from CAFOs, using different techniques and technologies to face the issue. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to summarize all the ways to study odours from CAFOs, starting from the sampling methods and then treating in general the principles of Dynamic Olfactometry, Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry and Electronic Noses. Finally, a deep literature summary of Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry and Electronic Noses applied to odours coming from poultry, dairy and swine feeding operations is reported. This work aims to make some order in this field and it wants to help future researchers to deal with this environmental problem, constituting a state-of-the-art in this field.

中文翻译：

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动物集中饲养操作的气味分析：综述

摘要 由于人口对动物源性食品和产品的高需求，集中动物饲养场 (CAFO) 广泛存在于世界各地。然而，它们产生了一些环境问题，包括影响人们健康和生活质量的气味滋扰。家畜的气味是一种非常复杂的分子混合物，对它们的分析研究要求很高。许多关于 CAFO 气味研究的工作已经发表，使用不同的技术和技术来解决这个问题。因此，这篇综述论文的目的是总结研究 CAFO 气味的所有方法，从采样方法开始，然后一般处理动态嗅觉测定法、气相色谱与质谱联用和电子鼻的原理。最后，报告了气相色谱结合质谱和电子鼻应用于家禽、奶制品和猪饲养操作产生的气味的深入文献总结。这项工作旨在在该领域建立一些秩序，并希望帮助未来的研究人员应对这一环境问题，构成该领域的最新技术。