Safe and efficient hydrogen-carrying and -storing materials are in high demand for future hydrogen-based energy systems. Series of hydrogen carriers have been studied and examined, such as organic hydrides, metal hydrides and metal-organic frameworks; however, these carriers often suffer from safety issues and usually fix and store hydrogen at energy-consuming high pressures and/or temperatures. Here, we review organic polymers and their molecular design for hydrogen storage. Porous organic polymers, hypercrosslinked polymers and polymers with intrinsic microporosity reversibly stored and released hydrogen through hydrogen physisorption on their highly porous structures. Ketone and N-heterocycle polymers fixed and stored hydrogen at atmospheric pressure through the formation of chemical bonds to form the corresponding alcohol and hydrogenated N-heterocycle polymers, respectively. Electrochemical hydrogenation using water as a hydrogen source was also effective, in which the polymer worked as a scaffold for hydrogenation. The hydrogenated polymers released hydrogen in the presence of catalysts at mild conditions. The potential of using organic polymers in the quest for finding new types of hydrogen-carrying and -storing materials that are very safe and portable is suggested. Organic polymers for hydrogen storage and their molecular design were reviewed. Porous organic polymers reversibly stored and released hydrogen through hydrogen physisorption on their highly porous structures. Polymers containing ketone or N-heterocycle groups fixed and stored hydrogen under atmospheric pressure through the formation of chemical bonds: the hydrogenated polymers released hydrogen in the presence of catalysts at mild conditions. The advantages of the polymers enable easy handling and provide portable hydrogen-carrying materials for use in, for example, a home/on-site or pocketable hydrogen-supply system.

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用于携带和储存氢的聚合物

安全高效的载氢和储氢材料对未来的氢基能源系统有很高的需求。研究和检验了一系列氢载体，如有机氢化物、金属氢化物和金属有机骨架；然而，这些载体通常存在安全问题，并且通常在耗能的高压和/或高温下固定和储存氢气。在这里，我们回顾了有机聚合物及其用于储氢的分子设计。多孔有机聚合物、超交联聚合物和具有固有微孔性的聚合物通过氢物理吸附在其高度多孔结构上可逆地储存和释放氢。酮和N-杂环聚合物通过形成化学键在大气压下固定和储存氢气，分别形成相应的醇和氢化N-杂环聚合物。使用水作为氢源的电化学氢化也是有效的，其中聚合物作为氢化的支架。氢化聚合物在温和条件下在催化剂存在下释放氢气。建议使用有机聚合物寻找新型的非常安全和便携的携带和储存氢的材料的潜力。综述了用于储氢的有机聚合物及其分子设计。多孔有机聚合物通过氢物理吸附在其高度多孔结构上可逆地储存和释放氢。含有酮或 N-杂环基团的聚合物在大气压下通过形成化学键固定和储存氢：氢化聚合物在温和条件下在催化剂存在下释放氢。聚合物的优点使得易于处理并提供便携式载氢材料，用于例如家庭/现场或袖珍氢气供应系统。