Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, and they perform as key regulators in cell-to-cell communication in normal as well as diseased states. EVs contain natural cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA and proteins, and transfer these functional cargos to neighboring cells or more distant cells through circulation. These functionally active molecules then affect distinct signaling cascades. The message conveyed to the recipient cells is dependent upon the composition of the EV, which is determined by the parent cell and the EV biogenesis. Because of their properties such as increased stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and toxicity, EVs have drawn attention as attractive delivery systems for therapeutics. This review focuses on the functional use of exosomes in therapy and the potential advantages and challenges in using exosomes for therapeutic purposes.

中文翻译：

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外来体：疾病的新分子靶标。

细胞外囊泡（EVs）包含凋亡小体，微囊泡和外泌体，它们在正常状态和患病状态下均充当细胞间通讯的关键调节因子。电动汽车包含天然货物分子，例如miRNA，mRNA和蛋白质，并通过循环将这些功能货物转移至相邻细胞或更远的细胞。这些具有功能活性的分子然后影响不同的信号传导级联。传达给受体细胞的信息取决于EV的组成，而EV的组成则取决于亲代细胞和EV的生物发生。由于其特性，例如增加的循环稳定性，生物相容性，低的免疫原性和毒性，电动汽车作为吸引人的治疗系统已经引起了人们的注意。