Knowledge of population base rates of neurological and psychiatric disorders is fundamental for diagnostic decision making. Consideration of relevant probabilistic information can improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. However, such data continue to be misused or underutilized, which can lead to misdiagnoses and negative patient outcomes. The aim of the current review is to create an easily accessible and comprehensive reference of existing age of onset as well as prevalence and incidence data for common neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in adults. Relevant epidemiological data were compiled from well-respected and frequently-cited textbooks and scholarly studies. Reviews were collected from PubMed, and publicly-available sources were gathered from Google Scholar. Results are organized and presented in several tables and a figure, which can be used as a diagnostic guide for students and clinicians across healthcare disciplines.

中文翻译：

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常见精神病和神经退行性疾病的人口基础发病率和疾病进程

了解神经系统疾病和精神疾病的人口基数比率是进行诊断决策的基础。考虑相关的概率信息可以提高诊断效率和准确性。但是，此类数据继续被滥用或利用不足，这可能导致误诊和患者预后不良。本次审查的目的是为现有的成人发病年龄以及成人常见的神经退行性疾病和精神疾病的患病率和发病率数据创建易于访问和全面的参考。相关的流行病学数据来自备受推崇且经常被引用的教科书和学术研究。从PubMed收集评论，并从Google Scholar收集可公开获得的资源。结果被组织并显示在几个表格和图中，