Complex nervous systems require rapid nerve impulse transmission. Myelinated nerves in the vertebrate nervous system display two closely related features that together promote fast conduction: the first is the ensheathment of their axons by specialized glia to form the multilamellar myelin sheath, and the second is the clustering of axonal voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) at the nodes of Ranvier in response to myelination. These two key evolutionary adaptations promote rapid saltatory conduction as first described in 1949 (Huxley and Stämpfli 1949). Hence, axon-glia interaction leading to axon ensheathment has a critical role in vertebrate neural development. Here we focus on the central nervous system (CNS) where oligodendrocytes ensheath axons because recent work has shed new light on how these myelin-forming glia participate in clustering Nav at the CNS node.

中文翻译：

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轴突细胞骨架和 Ranvier 节点的组装

复杂的神经系统需要快速的神经冲动传递。脊椎动物神经系统中的有髓神经表现出两个密切相关的特征，它们共同促进快速传导：第一个是它们的轴突被特殊的神经胶质包裹起来形成多层髓鞘，第二个是轴突电压门控钠通道的聚集。 Nav）在 Ranvier 的节点处响应髓鞘形成。正如 1949 年首次描述的那样（Huxley 和 Stämpfli 1949），这两个关键的进化适应促进了快速跳跃传导。因此，导致轴突鞘的轴突-神经胶质相互作用在脊椎动物神经发育中具有关键作用。