Diamond nanoparticles occupy a special niche among nanomaterials due to their combination of outstanding mechanical performance, chemical resistance, biocompatibility, and unique optical and electronic properties. In this review a brief survey of the different classes of nanodiamond particles based on synthesis method and associated structural features is provided. Then major structural features of ND particles (size, shape, crystallographic core, surface chemistry, internal defects$/$dopants, and presence of sp² carbon) are discussed as well as their connection with ND properties and related applications. In conclusion current opportunities in the fields of production and processing of nanodiamond particles and the outlook for the future of the field are critically discussed.

金刚石纳米粒子由于其出色的机械性能，耐化学性，生物相容性以及独特的光学和电子特性而在纳米材料中占据了特殊的位置。在这篇综述中，对基于合成方法和相关结构特征的不同类别的纳米金刚石颗粒进行了简要概述。然后是ND颗粒的主要结构特征（尺寸，形状，结晶核，表面化学，内部缺陷）$/$掺杂剂和sp ²碳的存在）及其与ND性能和相关应用的联系。总之，对纳米金刚石颗粒生产和加工领域中的当前机会以及该领域的未来前景进行了严格的讨论。