Hydrogen is an important raw material for chemical industry and feasible renewable energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. However, the specie seldom exists in a form of pure H₂. Therefore, to obtain hydrogen in volumes suitable to be used as a raw material it is necesary to decompose hydrogen-rich compounds. The carbohydrate-rich biomass can be an important source of hydrogen by applying the process of dark fermentation. In this paper potential ways of hydrogen production from organic wastes (biomass) by means of dark fermentation are reviewed and discussed. The bacteria used for dark fermentation are enlisted, characterized and compared. The pretreatment processes and various reactor designs are analyzed and discussed. The hydrogen separation by membrane method (which can provide the most pure hydrogen) are presented.

The paper describes recent achievements in optimizing parameters, conditions and reactors used to industrialize dark fermentation.

氢是化学工业的重要原料，也是可替代矿物燃料的可行的可再生能源载体。但是，这种物质很少以纯H ₂的形式存在。因此，为了获得适合用作原料的体积的氢，必须分解富含氢的化合物。通过应用黑暗发酵过程，富含碳水化合物的生物质可以成为重要的氢源。在本文中，对通过黑暗发酵从有机废物（生物质）生产氢的潜在方式进行了综述和讨论。征募，表征和比较用于黑暗发酵的细菌。分析和讨论了预处理过程和各种反应器设计。介绍了通过膜法分离氢（可以提供最纯净的氢）的方法。

本文介绍了在优化用于黑暗发酵工业化的参数，条件和反应器方面的最新成就。