Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are gaining interest as central players in liquid biopsies, with potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic guidance in most pathological conditions. These nanosized particles transmit signals determined by their protein, lipid, nucleic acid and sugar content, and the unique molecular pattern of EVs dictates the type of signal to be transmitted to recipient cells. However, their small sizes and the limited quantities that can usually be obtained from patient-derived samples pose a number of challenges to their isolation, study and characterization. These challenges and some possible options to overcome them are discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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处理细胞外囊泡的技术挑战

作为液体活检的主要参与者，细胞外囊泡（EVs）引起了人们的兴趣，在大多数病理情况下，其在诊断，预后和治疗指导方面的潜在应用。这些纳米尺寸的粒子传输由其蛋白质，脂质，核酸和糖含量决定的信号，而电动汽车的独特分子模式决定了要传输至受体细胞的信号类型。然而，它们的小尺寸和通常可以从患者来源的样品中获得的数量有限，对其分离，研究和表征提出了许多挑战。本文将讨论这些挑战以及克服这些挑战的一些可能选择。