The Brazilian Amazon is being affected by the new worldwide geopolitical transformation that is tending towards an integrated global economy. In the region environmental considerations have not been adequately incorporated into long-term land use planning and this failure has partly been due to the complexities of the country’s existing inter-sectorial institutional arrangements. In this paper, we briefly explore two distinct economic development phases that have been reshaping Amazonian landscapes since the 1990s. We first focus on the role of traditional populations in conservation and land use planning (socio-environmental model). We contrast this with the ‘post-environmental’ development model that currently dominates the land use dynamics of Amazonia and which is in stark contrasts with previous advances in environmental protection, whose basis was sustainable use of resources and social participation. The future of the socio-environmental model appears uncertain and its recovery and long-term maintenance to underpin sustainable development will depend on the strengthening the participation of the civil societal sectors that are able to reestablish balance to the sustainability agenda in the region.

巴西亚马逊正在受到全球范围内新的地缘政治变革的影响，这种变革趋向于一体化的全球经济。在该地区，长期的土地使用规划没有充分考虑到环境因素，而这种失败的部分原因是该国现有部门间机构安排的复杂性。在本文中，我们简要探讨了自1990年代以来一直在重塑亚马逊景观的两个不同的经济发展阶段。我们首先关注传统人群在保护和土地利用规划中的作用（社会环境模型）。我们将其与“后环境”开发模型进行对比，该模型目前主导着亚马逊地区的土地利用动态，并且与先前的环境保护取得了鲜明的对比，其基础是资源的可持续利用和社会参与。社会环境模式的未来似乎不确定，其恢复和长期维护以支撑可持续发展将取决于加强民间社会部门的参与，这些部门能够在该区域的可持续性议程上重新取得平衡。