Colloids with patches, which refer physically or chemically distinct domains at their surface, have broaden the range of complex superstructures that can be achieved by self-assembly. Similarly, patches are recently introduced on micelles which are called “soft patchy micelles”. Due to soft interaction potential between patches on micelles, it holds great potential to form unique soft superstructures at nanoscale. In this review, we first describe a recent development in the synthesis of soft patchy micelles. Diblock amphiphilic copolymers are encapsulated into uniform emulsion which are then aggregated and reformed into patchy micelles with surfactants at interface. Alternatively, triblock amphiphilic copolymers are assembled into uniform spherical patchy micelles via stepwise micellization process. For cylindrical or platelet micelles, block copolymers with crystallizable core-forming blocks are introduced for monodisperse cylindrical or platelet patchy micelles by sequential growth of core blocks. Finally, we discuss how those soft patchy micelles are assembled into two or three-dimensional superstructures by hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic attraction or coordination between patches, showing potentials of micellar structure as a soft designer micelles.

带有补丁的胶体在表面上指的是物理或化学上不同的区域，它们拓宽了可以通过自组装实现的复杂超结构的范围。同样，最近在胶束上引入了补丁，这被称为“软补丁胶束”。由于胶束上的贴剂之间具有柔软的相互作用潜力，因此它具有形成纳米级独特的柔软上层结构的巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了软斑状胶束合成的最新进展。将两嵌段的两亲共聚物封装到均匀的乳液中，然后将其聚集并重整为界面处带有表面活性剂的片状胶束。或者，三嵌段两亲共聚物通过逐步胶束化过程组装成均匀的球形斑状胶束。对于圆柱形或血小板胶束，通过连续生长核嵌段，引入具有可结晶成核嵌段的嵌段共聚物，用于单分散的圆柱或片状胶束。最后，我们讨论了如何通过疏水-疏水相互作用，静电吸引或斑块之间的配位将那些柔软的补丁胶束组装成二维或三维超结构，从而显示出作为柔软的设计胶束的胶束结构的潜力。