Introduction: Improved biomass and advanced fuel cookstoves can lower household air pollution (HAP), but levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) often remain above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended interim target of 35 μg/m³.

Methods: Based on existing literature, we first estimate a range of likely levels of personal PM_2.5 before and after a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention. Using simulations reflecting uncertainty in both the exposure estimates and exposure-response coefficients, we estimate corresponding expected health benefits for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults, birthweight, and pneumonia incidence among children < 2 years old. We also estimate potential avoided premature mortality among those exposed.

Results: Our best estimate is that an LPG stove intervention would decrease personal PM_2.5 exposure from approximately 270 μg/m³ to approximately 70 μg/m³, due to likely continued use of traditional open-fire stoves. We estimate that this decrease would lead to a 5.5 mmHg lower SBP among women over age 50, a 338 g higher birthweight, and a 37% lower incidence of severe childhood pneumonia. We estimate that decreased SBP, if sustained, would result in a 5%–10% decrease in mortality for women over age 50. We estimate that higher birthweight would reduce infant mortality by 4 to 11 deaths per 1000 births; for comparison, the current global infant mortality rate is 32/1000 live births. Reduced exposure is estimated to prevent approximately 29 cases of severe pneumonia per year per 1000 children under 2, avoiding approximately 2–3 deaths/1000 per year. However, there are large uncertainties around all these estimates due to uncertainty in both exposure estimates and in exposure-response coefficients; all health effect estimates include the null value of no benefit.

Conclusions: An LPG stove intervention, while not likely to lower exposure to the WHO interim target level, is still likely to offer important health benefits.

简介：改进的生物质能和先进的燃料炊具可以降低家庭空气污染（HAP），但细颗粒物（PM _2.5）的水平通常仍高于世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的35μg/ m ^3的临时目标。

方法：根据现有文献，我们首先估计液化石油气（LPG）干预前后个人PM _2.5的可能水平范围。我们使用模拟方法来反映暴露估计值和暴露响应系数中的不确定性，我们估计了成年人的收缩压（SBP），出生体重和2岁以下儿童的肺炎的相应预期健康益处。我们还估计了暴露人群中可能避免的过早死亡。

结果：我们的最佳估计是，液化石油气炉灶的干预将使个人PM _2.5暴露量从大约270μg/ m ^3降低到大约70μg/ m ³，因为可能会继续使用传统的明火炉子。我们估计，这种降低将导致50岁以上女性的SBP降低5.5 mmHg，出生体重增加338 g，严重儿童肺炎的发生率降低37％。我们估计，如果持续降低SBP，将使50岁以上女性的死亡率降低5％-10％。我们估计，较高的出生体重将使每1000胎死亡的婴儿死亡率降低4至11例死亡。相比之下，目前全球婴儿死亡率为32/1000活产婴儿。据估计，减少接触可以防止每1000名2岁以下的儿童每年预防大约29例严重的肺炎，从而避免每年每1000名儿童发生2至3例死亡。但是，由于暴露估计和暴露响应系数的不确定性，所有这些估计周围都存在很大的不确定性。

结论：LPG炉灶干预措施虽然不太可能降低对WHO临时目标水平的暴露水平，但仍可能带来重要的健康益处。