Total joint replacement (TJR), such as hip and knee replacement, is a popular procedure worldwide. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) after this procedure have been widely reported, where treatment of such infections is complex with high cost and prolonged hospital stay. In cemented arthroplasties, the use of antibiotic loaded bone cement (ALBC) is a standard practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of PJI. Recently, the development of bacterial resistance by pathogenic microorganisms against most commonly used antibiotics increased the interest in alternative approaches for antimicrobial delivery systems such as nanotechnology. This review summarizes the efforts made to improve the antimicrobial properties of PMMA bone cements using nanotechnology based antibiotic and non-antibiotic delivery systems to overcome drawbacks of ALBC in the prophylaxis and treatment of PJIs after hip and knee replacement.

全髋关节置换术（TJR），例如髋关节和膝关节置换术，在世界范围内是一种流行的手术。广泛报道了这种手术后的人工关节感染（PJI），其中这种感染的治疗是复杂的，且费用高且住院时间长。在骨水泥置换术中，使用抗生素加载的骨水泥（ALBC）是预防和治疗PJI的标准做法。最近，病原性微生物对最常用的抗生素产生的细菌抗药性增加了人们对诸如纳米技术之类的抗菌剂递送系统的替代方法的兴趣。