In recent years, new therapeutic approaches have reshaped the overall strategy of breast cancer (BC) treatment and have markedly improved patient survival. This is, in part, due to novel therapies for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC. Unfortunately, many patients present de novo resistance to these therapies or develop an acquired resistance over time. Therefore, research is now focused on discovering new molecular targets to overcome these resistances. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies have shown a critical role for the cross-talk between androgen receptor (AR) and ER in luminal-like BC. AR is expressed in >60% of BC and in up to 90% of ERα-positive tumors. Multiple studies suggest that AR is associated with a favorable prognosis. However, AR overexpression and, in particular, the high AR:ER ratio, seem to be involved in resistance to hormonal treatment. In this setting, a group of BCs could benefit from AR-inhibitors; nevertheless, some ER-positive BC patients do not seem to benefit from this strategy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that would enable the selection of patients who might benefit from combination treatment with ER and AR inhibitors.

近年来，新的治疗方法改变了乳腺癌（BC）治疗的总体策略，并显着提高了患者的生存率。部分原因是由于针对雌激素受体（ER）阳性BC的新疗法。不幸的是，随着时间的流逝，许多患者从头表现出对这些疗法的抗药性或发展成获得性抗药性。因此，现在的研究重点是发现新的分子靶标以克服这些抗性。有趣的是，临床前和临床研究表明，在腔样BC中，雄激素受体（AR）和ER之间的串扰至关重要。AR在> 60％的BC和高达90％的ERα阳性肿瘤中表达。多项研究表明，AR与预后良好相关。但是，AR过度表达，尤其是高的AR：ER比，似乎参与了对激素治疗的抵抗。在这种情况下，一组BC可能会从AR抑制剂中受益。然而，一些ER阳性的BC患者似乎并未从该策略中受益。因此，至关重要的是要确定能够选择可能受益于ER和AR抑制剂联合治疗的患者的生物标志物。