Biodiversity underpins ecosystem services. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has adopted an ecosystem services approach as a framework for biodiversity management at the national level. Protection of ecosystem services requires far more than traditional nature conservation measures like the designation and management of protected areas. The economic sectors that affect biodiversity and ecosystem services must be involved, to address not merely the symptoms but the root causes of the degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Achieving coherence in policies and actions across economic sectors and the changes involved in values, decision-making and practices, requires legal approaches to ensure buy-in and accountability. Ideally, such approaches should be included in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), the key instrument for translating the CBD into national action. A review of 20 revised NBSAPs shows that such measures have been introduced only to a very limited extent with many countries still in the earliest stages of preparing measures to protect ecosystem services. Thus, there is a need for further research and practical guidance regarding legal approaches to ecosystem services.

生物多样性是生态系统服务的基础。《联合国生物多样性公约》（CBD）已采用生态系统服务方法作为国家一级生物多样性管理的框架。保护生态系统服务比传统的自然保护措施（例如保护区的指定和管理）所需要的要多得多。必须参与影响生物多样性和生态系统服务的经济部门，不仅要解决症状，而且要解决生物多样性和生态系统服务退化的根本原因。要实现整个经济部门的政策和行动的连贯性，以及价值观，决策和做法所涉及的变化，就需要采取法律手段来确保买进和问责制。理想情况下，此类方法应包含在国家生物多样性策略和行动计划（NBSAP）中，将《生物多样性公约》转化为国家行动的关键工具。对20份经修订的《国家生物多样性战略和行动计划》进行的审查表明，此类措施的实施范围非常有限，许多国家仍处于制定保护生态系统服务措施的最早阶段。因此，需要有关生态系统服务法律方法的进一步研究和实践指导。