The concept of maintaining or enhancing chemical process safety encompasses a broad set of considerations which stem from management/company culture, operator procedures, and engineering designs, and are meant to prevent incidents at chemical plants. The features of a plant design that take action to prevent incidents on a moment-by-moment basis are the control system and the safety system (i.e., the alarm system, safety instrumented system, and safety relief system). Though the control and safety systems have a common goal in this regard, coordination between them has been minimal. One impediment to such an integrated control-safety system design is that the traditional industrial approach to safety focuses on root causes of incidents and on keeping individual measured variables within recommended ranges, rather than seeking to understand incidents from a more fundamental perspective as the result of the dynamic process state evolving to a value at which consequences to humans and the environment occur. This work reviews the state of the art in control system designs that incorporate explicit safety considerations in the sense that they have constraints designed to prevent the process state from taking values at which incidents can occur and in the sense that they are coordinated with the safety system. The intent of this tutorial is to unify recent developments in this area and to encourage further research by showcasing that the topic, though critical for safe operation of chemical processes particularly as we move to more tightly integrated and economics-focused operating strategies, is in its infancy and that many open questions remain.

维持或增强化学过程安全性的概念涵盖了广泛的考虑因素，这些考虑因素源于管理/公司文化，操作员程序和工程设计，旨在防止化工厂发生事故。采取行动以防止瞬间发生事故的工厂设计的特征是控制系统和安全系统（即警报系统，安全仪表系统和安全释放系统）。尽管控制和安全系统在这方面有一个共同的目标，但它们之间的协调却很少。这种集成式控制安全系统设计的一个障碍是，传统的工业安全方法侧重于事故的根本原因，并将各个测量变量保持在建议范围内，而不是试图从更基本的角度来理解事件，因为动态过程状态会演变成对人类和环境造成影响的值。这项工作回顾了包含明确的安全考虑因素的控制系统设计的最新水平，从某种意义上说，它们具有限制因素，这些限制因素旨在防止过程状态采用可能发生事件的值，并且从某种意义上说，它们与安全系统进行了协调。 。本教程的目的是通过展示该主题尽管对化学过程的安全操作至关重要，尤其是在我们转向更紧密集成且注重经济的操作策略时，仍可统一该领域的最新发展，并鼓励进一步的研究。婴儿期，还有许多悬而未决的问题。